Bias and quality assessments of the

Bias and quality assessments of the included studies

The risk of bias in each included RCT was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's ‘Risk of bias’ tool21. The quality assessment of the comparative cohort studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp), which included three main categories: (1) selection of cohort, (2) comparability of cohort, and (3) determination of outcomes.
Statistical analysis

Our meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan software (version 5.20, The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) and Stata software (version 11.0, Stata corporation, College Station, TX, USA). For relapse-free survival, a hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied for analysis. For dichotomous outcomes (adverse events and response rate), risk ratios (RRs) were calculated, and these RRs were then pooled. Continuous variables were analyzed using mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs. The heterogeneity of the included studies was analyzed using the Cochrane Q test and the I2 statistic, and P < 0.1 or I2 > 50% represented significant heterogeneity. If there was significant heterogeneity, we used a random effects model for the data analysis. Otherwise, we used a fixed effect model.
Results

Introduction•
Methods•
Results•
Discussion•
References•
Acknowledgements•
Author information

Our literature search identified 600 articles, of which 243 were from PubMed, 349 from Web of Science, and 8 from the Cochrane Library. Using Endnote software, 190 repeated studies were removed. After screening the titles and abstracts, 400 studies were excluded, and the remaining 10 articles underwent full-text screening. Five studies were excluded for the following reasons: two studies compared treatment effects before and after using rituximab in the same series of patients19, 22; another study was a comparison of two groups that both used rituximab, with or without mycophenolate mofetil23; the other two studies compared different doses of rituximab infusion24, 25. Finally, five studies were included for our analysis, three of which were RCTs18, 26, 27; one study was a retrospective comparative control study28, and one was a prospective comparative control study29. The study selection process is shown in Figure 1. The basic characteristics of the included studies are listed in Table 1.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Bias dan kualitas penilaian dari studi termasuk Risiko bias dalam masing-masing termasuk RCT dievaluasi menggunakan Cochrane Collaboration yang 'Risiko bias' tool21. Penilaian kualitas penelitian kohort perbandingan dilakukan dengan menggunakan skala Newcastle-Ottawa (http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp), yang termasuk tiga kategori utama: (1) pemilihan kelompok, ( 2) komparabilitas kelompok, dan (3) penentuan hasil. Analisis statistik meta-analisis kami dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak RevMan (versi 5.20, The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Kopenhagen, Denmark) dan perangkat lunak Stata (versi 11.0, Stata korporasi, Perguruan Tinggi Stasiun, TX, USA). Untuk kelangsungan hidup kambuh bebas, rasio hazard (HR) dan yang 95% confidence interval (CI) diterapkan untuk analisis. Untuk hasil dikotomis (efek samping dan tingkat respon), rasio risiko (RR) dihitung, dan RR ini kemudian dikumpulkan. Variabel kontinu dianalisis menggunakan rata-rata perbedaan (orthopaedi) dan 95% CI. Heterogenitas penelitian yang termasuk dianalisis menggunakan uji Cochrane Q dan statistik I2, dan P <0,1 atau I2> 50% mewakili heterogenitas yang signifikan. Jika ada heterogenitas yang signifikan, kami menggunakan model efek acak untuk analisis data. Jika tidak, kami menggunakan model fixed effect. Hasil Pendahuluan • Metode • Hasil • Diskusi • Referensi • Ucapan • Penulis informasi pencarian literatur kami mengidentifikasi 600 artikel, yang berasal dari 243 PubMed, 349 dari Web of Science, dan 8 dari Cochrane Library . Menggunakan perangkat lunak Endnote, 190 studi berulang telah dihapus. Setelah penyaringan judul dan abstrak, 400 studi dikeluarkan, dan sisanya 10 artikel menjalani skrining teks lengkap. Lima penelitian dikeluarkan karena alasan berikut: dua studi membandingkan efek pengobatan sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan rituximab dalam seri yang sama patients19, 22; Penelitian lain adalah perbandingan dua kelompok yang keduanya digunakan rituximab, dengan atau tanpa mycophenolate mofetil23; dua penelitian lain dibandingkan dosis yang berbeda dari rituximab infusion24, 25. Akhirnya, lima studi dimasukkan untuk analisis kami, tiga di antaranya adalah RCTs18, 26, 27; satu studi adalah retrospektif komparatif control study28, dan satu adalah calon komparatif control study29. Proses seleksi studi ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1. Karakteristik dasar dari penelitian yang termasuk tercantum dalam Tabel 1.