Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn o terjemahan - Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn o Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Throughout the second half of the 1

Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn on the chessboard of European politics.[4] It was originally claimed by Spain but subsequently settled by the French, who established the colony as part of New France. Following French defeat in the Seven Years' War, Spain gained control of the territory. As the lands was being gradually settled by United States migrants, many Americans, including Jefferson, assumed that the territory would be acquired "piece by piece." The risk of another power taking it from a weakened Spain made a "profound reconsideration" of this policy necessary.[4]

The city of New Orleans controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River because of its location; other ports were established, but only New Orleans had direct access from the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. New Orleans was already important for shipping agricultural goods to and from the parts of the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains. Pinckney's Treaty, signed with Spain on October 27, 1795, gave American merchants "right of deposit" in New Orleans, granting them use of the port to store goods for export. Americans used this right to transport products such as flour, tobacco, pork, bacon, lard, feathers, cider, butter, and cheese. The treaty also recognized American rights to navigate the entire Mississippi, which had become vital to the growing trade of the western territories.[5]

In 1798 Spain revoked this treaty, prohibiting American use of New Orleans, and greatly upsetting the Americans. In 1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo took over from the Marquess of Casa Calvo, and restored the U.S. right to deposit goods. Napoleon Bonaparte had gained Louisiana for French ownership from Spain in 1800 under the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. But the treaty was kept secret.

Louisiana remained nominally under Spanish control, until a transfer of power to France on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the formal cession to the United States on December 20, 1803. Another ceremony was held in St. Louis a few months later, in part because during winter conditions the news of the New Orleans formalities did not reach Upper Louisiana. The March 9–10, 1804, event is remembered as Three Flags Day.

James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston had traveled to Paris to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans in 1802. Their interest was only in gaining control of New Orleans and its environs; they did not anticipate the much larger acquisition which would follow.

The Louisiana Purchase was by far the largest territorial gain in U.S. history. Stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, the purchase doubled the size of the United States. Before 1803, Louisiana had been under Spanish control for forty years. Although Spain aided the rebels in the American Revolutionary War, the Spanish didn't want the Americans to settle in their territory.

Although the purchase was thought of by some as unjust and unconstitutional, Jefferson believed there was no evidence of unconstitutional actions taking place during the purchase of what became fifteen states. In hindsight, the Louisiana Purchase could be considered one of Thomas Jefferson's greatest contributions to the United States.[6] On April 18, 1802, Jefferson penned a letter to Robert Livingston. It was an intentional exhortation to make this supposedly mild diplomat strongly warn the French of their perilous course. The letter began:
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Throughout the second half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn on the chessboard of European politics.[4] It was originally claimed by Spain but subsequently settled by the French, who established the colony as part of New France. Following French defeat in the Seven Years' War, Spain gained control of the territory. As the lands was being gradually settled by United States migrants, many Americans, including Jefferson, assumed that the territory would be acquired "piece by piece." The risk of another power taking it from a weakened Spain made a "profound reconsideration" of this policy necessary.[4]

The city of New Orleans controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River because of its location; other ports were established, but only New Orleans had direct access from the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. New Orleans was already important for shipping agricultural goods to and from the parts of the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains. Pinckney's Treaty, signed with Spain on October 27, 1795, gave American merchants "right of deposit" in New Orleans, granting them use of the port to store goods for export. Americans used this right to transport products such as flour, tobacco, pork, bacon, lard, feathers, cider, butter, and cheese. The treaty also recognized American rights to navigate the entire Mississippi, which had become vital to the growing trade of the western territories.[5]

In 1798 Spain revoked this treaty, prohibiting American use of New Orleans, and greatly upsetting the Americans. In 1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo took over from the Marquess of Casa Calvo, and restored the U.S. right to deposit goods. Napoleon Bonaparte had gained Louisiana for French ownership from Spain in 1800 under the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. But the treaty was kept secret.

Louisiana remained nominally under Spanish control, until a transfer of power to France on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the formal cession to the United States on December 20, 1803. Another ceremony was held in St. Louis a few months later, in part because during winter conditions the news of the New Orleans formalities did not reach Upper Louisiana. The March 9–10, 1804, event is remembered as Three Flags Day.

James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston had traveled to Paris to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans in 1802. Their interest was only in gaining control of New Orleans and its environs; they did not anticipate the much larger acquisition which would follow.

The Louisiana Purchase was by far the largest territorial gain in U.S. history. Stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, the purchase doubled the size of the United States. Before 1803, Louisiana had been under Spanish control for forty years. Although Spain aided the rebels in the American Revolutionary War, the Spanish didn't want the Americans to settle in their territory.

Although the purchase was thought of by some as unjust and unconstitutional, Jefferson believed there was no evidence of unconstitutional actions taking place during the purchase of what became fifteen states. In hindsight, the Louisiana Purchase could be considered one of Thomas Jefferson's greatest contributions to the United States.[6] On April 18, 1802, Jefferson penned a letter to Robert Livingston. It was an intentional exhortation to make this supposedly mild diplomat strongly warn the French of their perilous course. The letter began:
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Sepanjang paruh kedua abad ke-18, Louisiana adalah pion pada papan catur politik Eropa. [4] Ia awalnya diklaim oleh Spanyol namun kemudian diselesaikan oleh Perancis, yang mendirikan koloni sebagai bagian dari New France. Setelah kekalahan Perancis dalam Perang Tujuh Tahun, Spanyol menguasai wilayah itu. Karena tanah sedang bertahap diselesaikan oleh Amerika Serikat migran, banyak orang Amerika, termasuk Jefferson, diasumsikan bahwa wilayah tersebut akan diakuisisi "sepotong demi sepotong." Risiko kekuatan lain mengambil dari Spanyol melemah membuat "peninjauan kembali yang mendalam" dari kebijakan ini diperlukan [4]. Kota New Orleans menguasai muara Sungai Mississippi karena lokasinya; port lain didirikan, tetapi hanya New Orleans memiliki akses langsung dari Mississippi ke Teluk Meksiko. New Orleans sudah penting untuk pengiriman barang pertanian ke dan dari bagian Amerika Serikat barat dari Pegunungan Appalachian. Perjanjian Pinckney itu, menandatangani kontrak dengan Spanyol pada tanggal 27 Oktober 1795, memberikan pedagang Amerika "hak deposit" di New Orleans, memberikan mereka gunakan pelabuhan untuk menyimpan barang-barang untuk ekspor. Amerika menggunakan hak ini untuk mengangkut produk-produk seperti tepung, tembakau, daging babi, daging, lemak babi, bulu, sari, mentega, dan keju. Perjanjian itu juga mengakui hak-hak Amerika untuk menavigasi seluruh Mississippi, yang telah menjadi penting untuk perdagangan tumbuh dari wilayah barat. [5] Pada tahun 1798 Spanyol dicabut perjanjian ini, melarang penggunaan Amerika dari New Orleans, dan sangat mengganggu Amerika. Pada tahun 1801, Gubernur Spanyol Don Juan Manuel de Salcedo mengambil alih dari Marquess of Casa Calvo, dan dipulihkan AS yang tepat untuk deposit barang. Napoleon Bonaparte telah mendapatkan Louisiana untuk kepemilikan Perancis dari Spanyol pada tahun 1800 di bawah Perjanjian Ketiga San Ildefonso. Tapi perjanjian itu dirahasiakan. Louisiana tetap nominal di bawah kendali Spanyol, sampai transfer kekuasaan ke Perancis pada tanggal 30 November tahun 1803, hanya tiga minggu sebelum penyerahan resmi ke Amerika Serikat pada tanggal 20 Desember 1803. Upacara lain diadakan di St . Louis beberapa bulan kemudian, sebagian karena selama musim dingin berita tentang formalitas New Orleans tidak mencapai Atas Louisiana. 9-10 Maret, 1804, event dikenang sebagai Tiga Flags Day. James Monroe dan Robert R. Livingston telah melakukan perjalanan ke Paris untuk menegosiasikan pembelian New Orleans pada tahun 1802. Ketertarikan mereka hanya dalam mendapatkan kontrol dari New Orleans dan sekitarnya ; mereka tidak mengantisipasi akuisisi jauh lebih besar yang akan mengikuti. The Louisiana Purchase sejauh keuntungan teritorial terbesar dalam sejarah AS. Membentang dari Sungai Mississippi ke Rocky Mountains, pembelian dua kali lipat ukuran Amerika Serikat. Sebelum 1803, Louisiana telah berada di bawah kekuasaan Spanyol selama empat puluh tahun. Meskipun Spanyol dibantu para pemberontak di Perang Revolusi Amerika, orang Spanyol tidak ingin Amerika untuk menetap di wilayah mereka. Meskipun pembelian itu dianggap oleh beberapa orang sebagai tidak adil dan tidak konstitusional, Jefferson percaya bahwa tidak ada bukti tindakan inkonstitusional yang terjadi selama pembelian apa yang menjadi lima belas negara. Di belakang, Louisiana Purchase dapat dianggap sebagai salah satu kontribusi terbesar Thomas Jefferson ke Amerika Serikat. [6] Pada tanggal 18 April 1802, Jefferson menulis surat kepada Robert Livingston. Itu adalah nasihat yang disengaja untuk membuat diplomat seharusnya ringan ini sangat memperingatkan Perancis tentu saja berbahaya mereka. Surat itu dimulai:











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