45500:45:49,813 --> 00:45:55,308wer

455
00:45:49,813 --> 00:45:55,308
were a few spoonfuls of sand containing
the strange single-celled creatures

456
00:45:55,419 --> 00:45:57,785
the scientists are studying here.

457
00:45:59,056 --> 00:46:04,426
They are known as tree foraminifera,
primordiaI single-celled organisms.

458
00:46:05,863 --> 00:46:08,991
They branch out in the shape of trees.

459
00:46:09,099 --> 00:46:13,627
The branches give off pseudopodia,
microscopic false feet

460
00:46:13,737 --> 00:46:19,471
that gather and assemble grains of sand
into a protective shell around the twigs.

461
00:46:21,879 --> 00:46:25,474
BOWSER: These are the pseudopodia
that are secreted by foraminifera.

462
00:46:25,582 --> 00:46:28,983
They're long, thin, tendril-like projections.

463
00:46:30,521 --> 00:46:32,148
What the foram does is it wakes up,

464
00:46:32,256 --> 00:46:36,022
sends out the pseudopods and then just
grabs every particle in its environment

465
00:46:36,126 --> 00:46:38,526
and pulls them in toward its body.

466
00:46:39,930 --> 00:46:43,422
There's a certain pattern to the way
that they sort the particles.

467
00:46:43,567 --> 00:46:46,661
They can select particular grains
out of everything in the environment

468
00:46:46,770 --> 00:46:50,331
and just end up with them.
They're beautiful masons.

469
00:46:51,041 --> 00:46:54,568
HERZOG: Could that be
a very early appearance of intelligence?

470
00:46:54,711 --> 00:46:58,374
- I say it with great care.
- Yeah, I have to say it with great care, too,

471
00:46:58,482 --> 00:47:01,815
because there are stories about

472
00:47:01,919 --> 00:47:05,446
how these particular organisms
have fit into that debate.

473
00:47:05,589 --> 00:47:07,716
Turn of the last century, for example,

474
00:47:07,825 --> 00:47:11,454
there was a scientist,
a British scientist named Heron-Allen

475
00:47:11,562 --> 00:47:14,998
who, apparently, during one of the debates

476
00:47:15,098 --> 00:47:17,828
in one of the British societies was

477
00:47:17,935 --> 00:47:21,268
pointing out the fact that
every definition of intelligence

478
00:47:21,371 --> 00:47:26,399
that was being formulated could be
fulfilled by these single-celled creatures.

479
00:47:28,478 --> 00:47:32,175
Borderline intelligence,
yeah, at the single-celled leveI.

480
00:47:32,382 --> 00:47:35,943
I mean, it is a manifestation
of the best of our abilities, really,

481
00:47:36,119 --> 00:47:39,953
the way that they build their shells.
It's almost art.

482
00:47:52,336 --> 00:47:54,463
(DRILLING)

483
00:49:26,830 --> 00:49:31,529
HERZOG: I noticed that the divers,
in their routine, were not speaking at all.

484
00:49:35,172 --> 00:49:38,767
To me,
they were like priests preparing for mass.

485
00:50:03,266 --> 00:50:08,397
Under the ice, the divers find themselves
in a separate reality,

486
00:50:08,772 --> 00:50:13,607
where space and time
acquire a strange new dimension.

487
00:50:13,744 --> 00:50:18,010
Those few who have experienced the world
under the frozen sky

488
00:50:18,515 --> 00:50:22,076
often speak of it as
going down into the cathedraI.

489
00:54:45,649 --> 00:54:50,916
HERZOG: Back from the strange world
underwater, scientists study the samples.

490
00:54:52,289 --> 00:54:57,158
One of the foremost scholars in the world
in his field, Dr: Pawlowski,

491
00:54:57,260 --> 00:55:01,094
studies the DNA sequences of foraminifera.

492
00:55:01,197 --> 00:55:07,329
What looks esoteric is in fact one of the
fundamentaI questions about life on Earth.

493
00:55:09,205 --> 00:55:13,835
In the same way that cosmologists search
for the origins of the universe,

494
00:55:14,177 --> 00:55:20,446
the scientists here are tracing back
the evolution of life to its earliest stages.

495
00:55:23,953 --> 00:55:28,447
Sometimes the building blocks
of the sequences all seem to fit.

496
00:55:31,127 --> 00:55:35,154
Jan, what have you found today so far
on the sample that we found?

497
00:55:35,265 --> 00:55:37,130
- Three new species.
- Three new species.

498
00:55:37,233 --> 00:55:39,724
Three new species on the dish.
That's fantastic.

499
00:55:39,836 --> 00:55:43,795
- This is from the ROMEO site.
- Yeah, from the ROMEO site.

500
00:55:43,907 --> 00:55:49,368
It's one small silver and two elongated ones.
I don't know what it is.

501
00:55:49,479 --> 00:55:51,413
We have to do the DNA, too.
We don't know:.

502
00:55:51,514 --> 00:55:53,675
HERZOG: Is this a great moment?

503
00:55:54,451 --> 00:55:57,443
- Yeah, yeah, this is.
- Yeah, any time you increase

504
00:55:57,554 --> 00:56:01,012
the known diversity of these types
of creatures, it's pretty exciting.

505
00:56:01,124 --> 00:56:04,093
Yeah. That is very special.

506
00:56:04,594 --> 00:56:06,255
(BOWSER PLAYING GUITAR)

507
00:56:13,069 --> 00:56:15,731
Apologies to rock musicians everywhere.

508
00:56:15,839 --> 00:56:17,136
(LAUGHING)

509
00:56:18,975 --> 00:56:22,433
HERZOG: Once the importance
of the discovery has sunk in,

510
00:56:22,545 --> 00:56:27,744
Sam Bowser and his group plan to celebrate
the event in their own way.

511
00:56:27,851 --> 00:56:29,944
(GUITARS PLAYING)

512
00:56:30,920 --> 00:56:34,720
They are rehearsing for
a late-night outdoor concert.

513
00:56:46,169 --> 00:56:48,364
(PLAYING ROCK MUSIC)

514
00:57:31,915 --> 00:57:36,716
After the helicopter had dropped us off
back at McMurdo,

515
00:57:37,187 --> 00:57:43,786
nobody was around: The sundiaI showed
that it was close to 1:00 a:m.

516
00:57:58,708 --> 00:58:03,839
It did not feeI like night,
so we had a look around.

517
00:58:03,947 --> 00:58:09,749
This unobtrusive building
had raised my curiosity for quite a while.

518
00:58:46,823 --> 00:58:51,817
Here amongst unripe tomatoes,
we ran into this young man.

519
00:58:52,562 --> 00:58:54,860
How did he end up in this place?

520
00:58:55,164 --> 00:58:58,497
Oh, yeah, well, you know, I like to say,

521
00:58:58,601 --> 00:59:01,365
if you take everybody who's not tied down,
they all sort of

522
00:59:01,471 --> 00:59:03,598
fall down to the bottom of the planet, so,

523
00:59:03,706 --> 00:59:06,675
you know, I haven't been:.
That's how we got here, you know.

524
00:59:06,776 --> 00:59:09,006
We're all at loose ends
and here we are together.

525
00:59:09,112 --> 00:59:11,603
I remember
when I first got down here I sort of

526
00:59:11,714 --> 00:59:14,877
enjoyed the sensation of recognizing people
with my tribal markings.

527
00:59:14,984 --> 00:59:18,078
You know, I was like,
"Hey, these are my people:"

528
00:59:18,187 --> 00:59:23,819
PhDs washing dishes and, you know,
linguists on a continent with no languages

529
00:59:23,927 --> 00:59:25,952
and that sort of thing, yeah. It's great.

530
00:59:26,062 --> 00:59:29,589
Yeah, specifically I was in
a graduate program, and we had lined up

531
00:59:29,699 --> 00:59:34,193
to do some work with
one of the people who was

532
00:59:34,304 --> 00:59:38,536
identified as a native speaker
and a competent native speaker of

533
00:59:38,641 --> 00:59:41,610
one of the languages
of the Winnebago people, the Ho-Chunk,

534
00:59:41,711 --> 00:59:43,702
I think is how they pronounced it, and:.

535
00:59:44,147 --> 00:59:46,707
HERZOG: To make a complicated story short,

536
00:59:46,816 --> 00:59:52,812
he ran into New Age ideologues who made
insipid claims about black and white magic

537
00:59:52,922 --> 00:59:55,288
embedded in the grammar of this language.

538
00:59:55,391 --> 00:59:57,586
Some of the oral tradition
that had been passed along:.

539
00:59:57,694 --> 01:00:00,788
Hence, in this stupid trend of academia,

540
01:00:00,897 --> 01:00:04,128
it would be better to let the language die
than preserve it.

541
01:00:04,233 --> 01:00:05,860
:.you know, I could document a language:.

542
01:00:05,969 --> 01:00:09,268
He had to destroy his entire PhD research.

543
01:00:09,772 --> 01:00:13,139
So just imagine, you know, 90%

544
01:00:13,242 --> 01:00:16,541
of languages will be extinct
probably in my lifetime.

545
01:00:16,713 --> 01:00:18,578
It's a catastrophic impact

546
01:00:18,948 --> 01:00:22,247
to an ecosystem to talk
about that kind of extinction.

547
01:00:22,352 --> 01:00:25,515
Culturally, we're talking
about the same thing. I mean,

548
01:00:25,622 --> 01:00:28,785
you know, what if you lost all of

549
01:00:29,025 --> 01:00:32,586
Russian literature, or something like that,
or Russian, you know? If you took all of the

550
01:00:32,695 --> 01:00:37,064
Slavic languages and just they went
away, you know, and no more Tolstoy.

551
01:00:38,134 --> 01:00:42,332
It occurred to me that in the time
we spent with him in the greenhouse,

552
01:00:42,438 --> 01:00:45,703
possibly three or four languages had died.

553
01:00:46,976 --> 01:00:50,434
In our efforts to preserve
endangered species,

554
01:00:50,546 --> 01:00:53,538
we seem to overlook something
equally important.

555
01:00:55,318 --> 01:00:59,584
To me,
it is a sign of a deeply disturbed civilization

556
01:00:59,689 --> 01:01:04,649
where tree huggers and whale huggers
in their weirdness are acceptable,

557
01:01:04,761 --> 01:01:08,527
while no one embraces
the last speakers of a language.

558
01:01:17,540 --> 01:01:21,533
McMurdo is full of characters
like our linguist.

559
01:01:22,111 --> 01:01:26

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

455
00: 45: 49.813 -> 00: 45: 55.308 adalah beberapa sendok pasir yang mengandung aneh bersel tunggal makhluk 456 00: 45: 55.419 -> 00: 45: 57.785 . para ilmuwan belajar di sini 457 00: 45: 59.056 -> 00: 46: 04.426 Mereka dikenal sebagai pohon foraminifera, primordiaI organisme bersel tunggal. 458 00: 46: 05.863 -> 00: 46: 08.991 . Mereka cabang dalam bentuk pohon 459 00: 46: 09.099 -> 00: 46: 13.627 Cabang-cabang mengeluarkan pseudopodia, mikroskopis kaki palsu 460 00: 46: 13.737 -> 00: 46: 19.471 yang mengumpulkan dan merakit butiran pasir . ke shell pelindung di sekitar ranting 461 00: 46: 21.879 -> 00: 46: 25.474 BOWSER: Ini adalah pseudopodia yang disekresikan oleh foraminifera. 462 00: 46: 25.582 -> 00: 46: 28.983 Mereka panjang, tipis, proyeksi sulur-seperti . 463 00: 46: 30.521 -> 00: 46: 32.148 Apa foram melakukan itu bangun, 464 00: 46: 32.256 -> 00: 46: 36.022 mengirimkan para pseudopodia dan kemudian hanya meraih setiap partikel dalam Surat Lingkungan 465 00: 46: 36.126 -> 00: 46: 38.526 dan menarik mereka ke arah tubuhnya. 466 00: 46: 39.930 -> 00: 46: 43.422 Ada pola tertentu dengan cara yang mereka mengurutkan partikel. 467 00: 46: 43.567 -> 00: 46: 46.661 Mereka dapat memilih butir tertentu dari segala sesuatu di lingkungan 468 00: 46: 46.770 -> 00: 46: 50.331 . dan hanya berakhir dengan mereka Mereka indah tukang batu. 469 00: 46: 51.041 -> 00: 46: 54.568 Herzog: Mungkinkah penampilan yang sangat awal intelijen? 470 00: 46: 54.711 -> 00: 46: 58.374 - Saya mengatakan itu dengan hati-hati. - Ya, saya harus mengatakan dengan hati-hati, juga, 471 00: 46: 58.482 -> 00: 47: 01.815 karena ada cerita tentang 472 00: 47: 01.919 -> 00: 47: 05.446 bagaimana tertentu organisme telah masuk ke dalam perdebatan itu. 473 00: 47: 05.589 -> 00: 47: 07.716 Pergantian abad terakhir, misalnya, 474 00: 47: 07.825 -> 00: 47: 11.454 ada seorang ilmuwan, seorang ilmuwan Inggris bernama Heron-Allen 475 00: 47: 11.562 -> 00: 47: 14.998 yang, tampaknya, dalam salah satu perdebatan 476 00: 47: 15.098 -> 00: 47: 17.828 di salah satu masyarakat Inggris adalah 477 00: 47: 17.935 -> 00: 47: 21.268 menunjukkan fakta bahwa setiap definisi kecerdasan 478 00: 47: 21.371 -> 00: 47: 26.399 yang sedang dirumuskan dapat dipenuhi oleh makhluk-makhluk bersel tunggal . 479 00: 47: 28.478 -> 00: 47: 32.175 intelijen Borderline, ya, di bersel tunggal leveI. 480 00: 47: 32.382 -> 00: 47: 35.943 Maksudku, itu adalah manifestasi dari kemampuan terbaik kami, benar-benar, 481 00: 47: 36.119 -> 00: 47: 39.953 cara mereka membangun cangkangnya. Ini hampir seni. 482 00: 47: 52.336 -> 00: 47: 54.463 ( DRILLING) 483 00: 49: 26.830 -> 00: 49: 31.529 Herzog: Saya melihat bahwa penyelam, dalam rutinitas mereka, tidak berbicara sama sekali. 484 00: 49: 35.172 -> 00: 49: 38.767 Bagi saya, mereka adalah seperti imam mempersiapkan massa. 485 00: 50: 03.266 -> 00: 50: 08.397 Di bawah es, para penyelam menemukan diri mereka dalam realitas yang terpisah, 486 00: 50: 08.772 -> 00: 50: 13.607 di mana ruang dan waktu memperoleh dimensi baru yang aneh. 487 00: 50: 13.744 -> 00: 50: 18.010 Beberapa orang yang mengalami dunia bawah langit beku 488 00: 50: 18.515 -> 00: 50: 22.076 sering berbicara tentang sebagai turun ke cathedraI. 489 00: 54: 45.649 -> 00: 54: 50.916 Herzog: Kembali dari dunia yang aneh di bawah air, para ilmuwan mempelajari sampel. 490 00: 54: 52.289 -> 00: 54: 57.158 Salah satu ulama terkemuka di dunia di bidangnya, Dr: Pawlowski, 491 00: 54: 57.260 -> 00: 55: 01.094 studi urutan DNA dari foraminifera. 492 00: 55: 01.197 -> 00:55: 07.329 Apa yang terlihat esoteris sebenarnya salah satu pertanyaan fundamentaI tentang kehidupan di Bumi. 493 00: 55: 09.205 -> 00: 55: 13.835 Dengan cara yang sama bahwa kosmolog mencari untuk asal-usul alam semesta, 494 00:55: 14.177 -> 00: 55: 20.446 para ilmuwan di sini melacak kembali evolusi kehidupan untuk tahap awal. 495 00: 55: 23.953 -> 00: 55: 28.447 Terkadang blok bangunan dari urutan semua tampaknya cocok. 496 00: 55: 31.127 -> 00: 55: 35.154 Jan, apa yang telah Anda temukan hari ini sejauh pada sampel yang kami temukan? 497 00: 55: 35.265 -> 00: 55: 37.130 . - Tiga spesies baru - Tiga spesies baru. 498 00: 55: 37.233 -> 00: 55: 39.724 . Tiga spesies baru pada hidangan Itu fantastis. 499 00: 55: 39.836 -> 00: 55: 43.795 - Ini adalah dari situs ROMEO. - Ya, dari situs ROMEO. 500 00: 55: 43.907 -> 00: 55: 49.368 Ini salah satu perak kecil dan dua yang memanjang. Aku tidak tahu apa itu. 501 00: 55: 49.479 -> 00 : 55: 51.413 Kita harus melakukan DNA, juga. Kami tidak tahu . 502 00: 55: 51.514 -> 00: 55: 53.675 Herzog: Apakah ini momen besar? 503 00: 55: 54.451 - > 00: 55: 57.443 - Ya, ya, ini. - Ya, setiap kali Anda meningkatkan 504 00: 55: 57.554 -> 00: 56: 01.012 keragaman diketahui jenis . makhluk, itu cukup menarik 505 00 : 56: 01.124 -> 00: 56: 04.093 Ya. Itu sangat istimewa. 506 00: 56: 04.594 -> 00: 56: 06.255 ( BOWSER PLAYING GUITAR) 507 00: 56: 13.069 -> 00: 56: 15.731 . Permintaan maaf untuk rock musisi mana-mana 508 00: 56: 15.839 -> 00: 56: 17.136 ( Tertawa) 509 00: 56: 18.975 -> 00: 56: 22.433 Herzog: Begitu pentingnya penemuan telah tenggelam di, 510 00: 56: 22.545 -> 00:56: 27.744 Sam Bowser dan rencana kelompok untuk merayakan acara tersebut dengan cara mereka sendiri. 511 00: 56: 27.851 -> 00: 56: 29.944 ( GUITARS BERMAIN) 512 00: 56: 30.920 -> 00: 56: 34.720 Mereka berlatih untuk konser luar larut malam. 513 00: 56: 46.169 -> 00: 56: 48.364 ( BERMAIN MUSIK ROCK) 514 00: 57: 31.915 -> 00: 57: 36.716 Setelah helikopter telah menurunkan kami kembali di McMurdo, 515 00: 57: 37.187 -> 00: 57: 43.786 tidak ada yang sekitar: The sundiaI menunjukkan bahwa itu dekat dengan 01:00: m. 516 00: 57: 58.708 -> 00: 58: 03.839 Itu tidak feeI seperti malam, jadi kami harus melihat-lihat. 517 00: 58: 03.947 -> 00: 58: 09.749 bangunan tidak mengganggu ini telah menaikkan rasa ingin tahu saya selama beberapa waktu. 518 00: 58: 46.823 -> 00 : 58: 51.817 Di sini antara tomat mentah, kami berlari ke pemuda ini. 519 00: 58: 52.562 -> 00: 58: 54.860 Bagaimana dia berakhir di tempat ini? 520 00: 58: 55.164 -> 00: 58: 58.497 Oh, yeah, well, kau tahu, aku ingin mengatakan, 521 00: 58: 58.601 -> 00: 59: 01.365 jika Anda mengambil semua orang yang tidak terikat, mereka semua jenis 522 00: 59: 01.471 -> 00: 59: 03.598 turun jatuh ke bawah planet ini, sehingga, 523 00: 59: 03.706 -> 00: 59: 06.675 Anda tahu, saya belum . Itulah cara kita sampai di sini, Anda tahu. 524 00: 59: 06.776 -> 00: 59: 09.006 Kita semua di ujung longgar dan di sini kita bersama-sama. 525 00: 59: 09.112 -> 00: 59: 11.603 Saya ingat ketika saya pertama kali turun di sini saya semacam 526 00: 59: 11.714 -> 00: 59: 14.877 menikmati sensasi mengenali orang dengan tanda suku saya. 527 00: 59: 14.984 -> 00: 59: 18.078 Kau tahu, aku seperti, " Hei, ini adalah umat-Ku : " 528 00: 59: 18.187 -> 00: 59: 23.819 PhD mencuci piring dan, Anda tahu, ahli bahasa di benua tanpa bahasa 529 00: 59: 23.927 -> 00:59 : 25.952 dan hal semacam itu, ya. Ini bagus. 530 00: 59: 26.062 -> 00: 59: 29.589 Ya, khususnya aku berada di program pascasarjana, dan kami telah berbaris 531 00: 59: 29.699 -> 00: 59: 34.193 untuk melakukan beberapa pekerjaan dengan salah satu dari orang-orang yang 532 00: 59: 34.304 -> 00: 59: 38.536 diidentifikasi sebagai penutur asli dan penutur asli yang kompeten dari 533 00: 59: 38.641 -> 00: 59: 41.610 salah satu bahasa orang Winnebago, Ho-Chunk, 534 00: 59: 41.711 -> 00: 59: 43.702 Saya pikir adalah bagaimana mereka diucapkan itu, dan :. 535 00: 59: 44.147 -> 00: 59: 46.707 Herzog : Untuk membuat cerita yang rumit pendek, 536 00: 59: 46.816 -> 00: 59: 52.812 ia berlari ke ideolog New Age yang membuat klaim hambar tentang sihir hitam dan putih 537 00: 59: 52.922 -> 00:59: 55.288 . tertanam dalam tata bahasa ini 538 00: 59: 55.391 -> 00: 59: 57.586 Beberapa tradisi lisan yang telah berlalu bersama . 539 00: 59: 57.694 -> 01: 00: 00.788 Oleh karena itu , tren bodoh akademisi, 540 01: 00: 00.897 -> 01: 00: 04.128 itu akan lebih baik untuk membiarkan mati bahasa daripada melestarikannya. 541 01: 00: 04.233 -> 01: 00: 05.860 : . Anda tahu, saya bisa mendokumentasikan bahasa :. 542 01: 00: 05.969 -> 01: 00: 09.268 Dia harus menghancurkan seluruh penelitian PhD-nya. 543 01: 00: 09.772 -> 01: 00: 13.139 Jadi hanya bayangkan, Anda tahu, 90 % 544 01: 00: 13.242 -> 01: 00: 16.541 bahasa akan punah . mungkin dalam hidup saya 545 01: 00: 16.713 -> 01: 00: 18.578 Ini dampak bencana 546 01: 00: 18.948 -> 01: 00: 22.247 untuk ekosistem untuk berbicara tentang jenis kepunahan. 547 01: 00: 22.352 -> 01: 00: 25.515 budaya, kita sedang berbicara tentang hal yang sama. Maksudku, 548 01: 00: 25.622 -> 01: 00: 28.785 Anda tahu, bagaimana jika Anda kehilangan semua 549 01: 00: 29.025 -> 01: 00: 32.586 sastra Rusia, atau sesuatu seperti itu, atau Rusia , kamu tahu? Jika Anda mengambil semua 550 01: 00: 32.695 -> 01: 00: 37.064 bahasa Slavia dan hanya mereka pergi menjauh, kau tahu, dan tidak lebih Tolstoy. 551 01: 00: 38.134 -> 01: 00: 42.332 Itu terjadi kepada saya bahwa dalam waktu kami menghabiskan bersamanya di rumah kaca, 552 01: 00: 42.438 -> 01: 00: 45.703 mungkin tiga atau empat bahasa meninggal. 553 01: 00: 46.976 -> 01:00 : 50434 Dalam upaya kami untuk melestarikan spesies yang terancam punah, 554 01: 00: 50.546 -> 01: 00: 53.538 kita tampaknya mengabaikan sesuatu yang sama pentingnya. 555 01: 00: 55.318 -> 01: 00: 59.584 Bagi saya, itu adalah tanda peradaban sangat terganggu 556 01: 00: 59.689 -> 01: 01: 04.649 di mana pemeluk pohon dan pemeluk paus di keanehan mereka dapat diterima, 557 01: 01: 04.761 -> 01: 01: 08.527 sementara tidak ada salah satu mencakup pembicara terakhir bahasa. 558 01: 01: 17.540 -> 01: 01: 21.533 McMurdo penuh karakter . seperti ahli bahasa kami 559 01: 01: 22.111 -> 01:01:26