The marine archaeological investigations of the paddle steamer E. Nordevall 1985-1989
The following presentation concerns the marine archaeological investigations performed on the paddle steamer E. Nordevall - from the establishment of a project group for this purpose in the spring of 1985 to the finishing of it in 1989. The presentation is based on the report about these same investigations (Cederlund 1989).
The ship is since the foundering positioned at a depth of 45 metres in open waters, 5 to 6 nautical miles out from the Nässja and Kampudden peninsula, west of the town of Vadstena.
The loss of the vessel and the wreck site, as well as the ship type and its history are described amongst other things in the following publication in English:
Cederlund, C.O., 1987 The Eric Nordewall - an early Swedish paddle steamer.
Theoretical Approaches to Artefacts, Settlement and Society.
Studies in honour of Mats P. Malmer.
B.A.R. International Series 366, p 515-539.
Also in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater
Exploration 16, p 109-134.
Special presentations on the same subjects in Swedish can be found in the report on the underwater investigations 1985-1989:
Cederlund, C.O., 1989 Rapport över den marinarkeologiska undersökningen av
hjulångfartyget E. Nordevall 1985-1988. Statens sjöhistoriska museum, Stockholm.
In this there can also be found bibliographical information about the material published up to that point in time on the subject of the E. Nordevall.
Initial planning
In a proposal by C. O. Cederlund dated 1984-11-02 presented to the presentday Göta Canal Company, an initial plan for the under water investigation and documentation was given:
Step 1: a covering documentation of the ship under water by way of measuring, photographing and video recording. In connection with this, the strength of the hull is studied and calculated in order to prepare it for a possible salvaging.
Step 2: the salvaging of objects lying loose on the deck and elsewhere. This may also comprise those parts of the hull, which are delicate, as well as things which are still attached to the hull, and must be cut loose.
Step 3: the preparation for and performance of a salvaging of the hull, the preservation of it and the arranging of a museum for it in the town of Motala.
In the spring of 1985 a plan for the investigation of the ship was presented which comprised two phases:
1. Photographic recording of the vessel to give an overview of and basis for, the recording by measurements of the ship in the form of a side view and horizontal projection; selective still photography; video recording, and finally marine archaeological evaluation of the possibilities of salvaging artefacts from the site.
2. The salvaging of loose objects from the ship.
The project group also established the “Sea Owl group” with its main task being to investigate the usefulness of the Swedish ROV, The Sea Owl, for the investigation and recording of the site.
The investigations were planned and performed in a cooperative arrangement between the Swedish National Maritime Museum, the Department of Marine Technique at the Technical University of Gothenburg, the Göta Canal Company, and the private diving enterprise Dykoil, Valdemarsvik.
Investigations during 1985
During 1985 the aft part of the starboard side and certain parts ahead of the paddle wheel, and of the stern part and the flat stern, were systematically photographed for the creating of negatives for photo mosaics of the ship. Free hand photos of different parts of the hull were also exposed.
The ship was at the same time video taped where esp. the starboard side, parts of the flat stern and certain parts of the main deck and the port side were recorded.
(For the work during 1985 see plans for the documentation by C. O. Cederlund of 1985-06-19 (SSHM Dnr: 1293/85), Plan for the photo documentation for a photo plan by Cederlund 1985-08-16 (SSHM Dnr 1541/85) and the reports by the same author from 1985-06-15 about test work with the ROV The Sea Owl etc at that time, and 1985-08-15 (SSHM Dnr: 1542/85) about the performance of the photo recording At the end of 1985 a plan for the continued work on the E. Nordevall was presented at the last meeting 1985-12-04 of the project group for that year.
Investigations during 1986
As a preparation for the investigation and documentation work in 1986, there was a plan to clear the wreck of the wires and fishing nets etc which had stuck to the structure over time; and to put out points and measuring tapes on the hull for its measurement; certain loose artefacts on the ship were also salvaged. The photo documentation performed during 1986 comprised a continued photo recording of the galleon head; starboard side of the bow; the upper parts of starboard side from the bow to the paddle wheel; the ship’s side on the cabin
deck as well as the upper part of the flat stern. The photography was undertaken to create a basis for the photo plans of the parts of the ship photographed.
Video recording of esp. the starboard shipside occurred; and to some extent also of the port side, parts of the flat stern and smaller parts of the main deck.
The following parts of the interior were also recorded in this way: the aft saloon, passenger cabins, the forecastle, as well as certain parts of the engine room and the engines.
During this year the following artefacts were salvaged from the vessel: one block and one china-washing bowl.
During 1986 work started the on the photo plans of the ship, esp. on the aft part of the starboard side and the flat stern of the ship.
Investigations during 1987
In this year the work comprised vertical photography of the cabin deck, the main deck on the port side and part of the starboard side, for the creation of a photo plan of these areas, as well as video and film recording of the same parts of the ship and its interior. At the work this year a film group from BBC, UK, took part in the filming of the site for the program Underwater Discoveries.
This group performed its own filming of the exterior and interior of the ship for its program work.
Investigations during 1988
Vertical photographing of the main and cabin decks was undertaken in 1988, as was the photographic recording of parts of the starboard side of the hull, the wheels and the wheel houses on both sides. The same parts of the hull were recorded with a video camera.
During this year the following artefacts were salvaged from the vessel: one china jug and one metal artefact, possibly belonging to a mechanical part of the ship, perhaps its engines.
Conclusion of the field investigations 1985 to 1988
The recording of the E. Nordevall during the period 1985 to 1988 created documentation in the shape of photographic negatives for the creation of photo plans of:
- larger parts of the upper part of the starboard side, including the wheel and the wheelhouse;
- smaller parts of the lower part of the same side of the ship;
- the flat stern
- the whole of the fore deck with bowsprit and galleon head
- larger parts of the main deck with wheels and wheelhouses
- the main part of cabin deck
- the windlass
- the gaff lying on the port side of the deck afore
The video recording during 1985-1988 comprised the documentation of the upper part of starboard side and cabin deck, as well as to a lesser degree, the port side, the main and cabin decks, the fore deck and the upper part of the flat stern.
The video recording of the interior documents in the first instance the forecastle, the fore and aft saloons, as well as a couple of the passenger cabins. The galley, its storerooms, the engine room and certain cabins, as well as the hold of the ship were only recorded to a small degree during this time.
The report on the investigations 1984-1988 from 1989
Following the field recording, work centred around the creation of photographic mosaics of the ship as it had been preserved with the use of the photographic material produced and with the guidance of the videotapes that had been made.
On the basis of these materials, plans of the ship were drawn up – to illustrate the ship as it was preserved on the bottom of Lake Vättern at the time of the investigation. Two horizontal plans and one side view or projection of the ship as it was at the time were created.
A report was written about the investigations in which a selection of photo plans and still photos of the vessel as well as the plans themselves and an explanation of their fulfilment were presented (Cederlund 1989).
Investigation of the technical conditions for a salvage operation of the E. Nordevall
During the same year of 1989 and as a part of the project, an evaluation of the technical conditions for the salvaging of the E. Nordevall was undertaken as an examined thesis in the Dept of marine technique, at the Technical University of Gothenburg. The result which was presented showed that the hull would hold up very well to a salvage operation (Egeland & Thulin 1989).
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..