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The marine archaeological investiga

The marine archaeological investigations of the paddle steamer E. Nordevall 1985-1989
The following presentation concerns the marine archaeological investigations performed on the paddle steamer E. Nordevall - from the establishment of a project group for this purpose in the spring of 1985 to the finishing of it in 1989. The presentation is based on the report about these same investigations (Cederlund 1989).
The ship is since the foundering positioned at a depth of 45 metres in open waters, 5 to 6 nautical miles out from the Nässja and Kampudden peninsula, west of the town of Vadstena.
The loss of the vessel and the wreck site, as well as the ship type and its history are described amongst other things in the following publication in English:
Cederlund, C.O., 1987 The Eric Nordewall - an early Swedish paddle steamer.
Theoretical Approaches to Artefacts, Settlement and Society.
Studies in honour of Mats P. Malmer.
B.A.R. International Series 366, p 515-539.
Also in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater
Exploration 16, p 109-134.
Special presentations on the same subjects in Swedish can be found in the report on the underwater investigations 1985-1989:
Cederlund, C.O., 1989 Rapport över den marinarkeologiska undersökningen av
hjulångfartyget E. Nordevall 1985-1988. Statens sjöhistoriska museum, Stockholm.
In this there can also be found bibliographical information about the material published up to that point in time on the subject of the E. Nordevall.

Initial planning
In a proposal by C. O. Cederlund dated 1984-11-02 presented to the presentday Göta Canal Company, an initial plan for the under water investigation and documentation was given:
Step 1: a covering documentation of the ship under water by way of measuring, photographing and video recording. In connection with this, the strength of the hull is studied and calculated in order to prepare it for a possible salvaging.
Step 2: the salvaging of objects lying loose on the deck and elsewhere. This may also comprise those parts of the hull, which are delicate, as well as things which are still attached to the hull, and must be cut loose.
Step 3: the preparation for and performance of a salvaging of the hull, the preservation of it and the arranging of a museum for it in the town of Motala.
In the spring of 1985 a plan for the investigation of the ship was presented which comprised two phases:
1. Photographic recording of the vessel to give an overview of and basis for, the recording by measurements of the ship in the form of a side view and horizontal projection; selective still photography; video recording, and finally marine archaeological evaluation of the possibilities of salvaging artefacts from the site.
2. The salvaging of loose objects from the ship.
The project group also established the “Sea Owl group” with its main task being to investigate the usefulness of the Swedish ROV, The Sea Owl, for the investigation and recording of the site.
The investigations were planned and performed in a cooperative arrangement between the Swedish National Maritime Museum, the Department of Marine Technique at the Technical University of Gothenburg, the Göta Canal Company, and the private diving enterprise Dykoil, Valdemarsvik.

Investigations during 1985
During 1985 the aft part of the starboard side and certain parts ahead of the paddle wheel, and of the stern part and the flat stern, were systematically photographed for the creating of negatives for photo mosaics of the ship. Free hand photos of different parts of the hull were also exposed.
The ship was at the same time video taped where esp. the starboard side, parts of the flat stern and certain parts of the main deck and the port side were recorded.
(For the work during 1985 see plans for the documentation by C. O. Cederlund of 1985-06-19 (SSHM Dnr: 1293/85), Plan for the photo documentation for a photo plan by Cederlund 1985-08-16 (SSHM Dnr 1541/85) and the reports by the same author from 1985-06-15 about test work with the ROV The Sea Owl etc at that time, and 1985-08-15 (SSHM Dnr: 1542/85) about the performance of the photo recording At the end of 1985 a plan for the continued work on the E. Nordevall was presented at the last meeting 1985-12-04 of the project group for that year.

Investigations during 1986
As a preparation for the investigation and documentation work in 1986, there was a plan to clear the wreck of the wires and fishing nets etc which had stuck to the structure over time; and to put out points and measuring tapes on the hull for its measurement; certain loose artefacts on the ship were also salvaged. The photo documentation performed during 1986 comprised a continued photo recording of the galleon head; starboard side of the bow; the upper parts of starboard side from the bow to the paddle wheel; the ship’s side on the cabin
deck as well as the upper part of the flat stern. The photography was undertaken to create a basis for the photo plans of the parts of the ship photographed.
Video recording of esp. the starboard shipside occurred; and to some extent also of the port side, parts of the flat stern and smaller parts of the main deck.
The following parts of the interior were also recorded in this way: the aft saloon, passenger cabins, the forecastle, as well as certain parts of the engine room and the engines.
During this year the following artefacts were salvaged from the vessel: one block and one china-washing bowl.
During 1986 work started the on the photo plans of the ship, esp. on the aft part of the starboard side and the flat stern of the ship.

Investigations during 1987
In this year the work comprised vertical photography of the cabin deck, the main deck on the port side and part of the starboard side, for the creation of a photo plan of these areas, as well as video and film recording of the same parts of the ship and its interior. At the work this year a film group from BBC, UK, took part in the filming of the site for the program Underwater Discoveries.
This group performed its own filming of the exterior and interior of the ship for its program work.

Investigations during 1988
Vertical photographing of the main and cabin decks was undertaken in 1988, as was the photographic recording of parts of the starboard side of the hull, the wheels and the wheel houses on both sides. The same parts of the hull were recorded with a video camera.
During this year the following artefacts were salvaged from the vessel: one china jug and one metal artefact, possibly belonging to a mechanical part of the ship, perhaps its engines.

Conclusion of the field investigations 1985 to 1988
The recording of the E. Nordevall during the period 1985 to 1988 created documentation in the shape of photographic negatives for the creation of photo plans of:
- larger parts of the upper part of the starboard side, including the wheel and the wheelhouse;
- smaller parts of the lower part of the same side of the ship;
- the flat stern
- the whole of the fore deck with bowsprit and galleon head
- larger parts of the main deck with wheels and wheelhouses
- the main part of cabin deck
- the windlass
- the gaff lying on the port side of the deck afore

The video recording during 1985-1988 comprised the documentation of the upper part of starboard side and cabin deck, as well as to a lesser degree, the port side, the main and cabin decks, the fore deck and the upper part of the flat stern.
The video recording of the interior documents in the first instance the forecastle, the fore and aft saloons, as well as a couple of the passenger cabins. The galley, its storerooms, the engine room and certain cabins, as well as the hold of the ship were only recorded to a small degree during this time.

The report on the investigations 1984-1988 from 1989
Following the field recording, work centred around the creation of photographic mosaics of the ship as it had been preserved with the use of the photographic material produced and with the guidance of the videotapes that had been made.
On the basis of these materials, plans of the ship were drawn up – to illustrate the ship as it was preserved on the bottom of Lake Vättern at the time of the investigation. Two horizontal plans and one side view or projection of the ship as it was at the time were created.
A report was written about the investigations in which a selection of photo plans and still photos of the vessel as well as the plans themselves and an explanation of their fulfilment were presented (Cederlund 1989).

Investigation of the technical conditions for a salvage operation of the E. Nordevall
During the same year of 1989 and as a part of the project, an evaluation of the technical conditions for the salvaging of the E. Nordevall was undertaken as an examined thesis in the Dept of marine technique, at the Technical University of Gothenburg. The result which was presented showed that the hull would hold up very well to a salvage operation (Egeland & Thulin 1989).
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Penyelidikan arkeologi laut kapal dayung E. Nordevall 1985-1989Presentasi berikut mengenai laut penyelidikan arkeologi yang dilakukan pada kapal uap E. Nordevall - dari pembentukan grup proyek untuk tujuan ini pada musim semi tahun 1985 hingga finishing itu pada tahun 1989. Presentasi didasarkan pada laporan tentang penyelidikan ini sama (Cederlund 1989).Kapal adalah karena foundering diposisikan pada kedalaman 45 meter di perairan terbuka, 5-6 mil keluar dari Semenanjung Nässja dan Kampudden, sebelah barat kota Vadstena.Hilangnya kapal dan situs kecelakaan, serta jenis kapal dan sejarahnya yang dijelaskan antara lain dalam publikasi berikut dalam bahasa Inggris:Cederlund, C.O., 1987 The Eric Nordewall - kapal uap dayung awal Swedia.Pendekatan teoretis artefak, penyelesaian dan masyarakat.Studi menghormati tikar P. Malmer.B.A.R. internasional seri 366, p 515-539.Juga di jurnal internasional Bahari arkeologi dan airEksplorasi 16, p 109-134.Presentasi khusus pada mata pelajaran yang sama dalam bahasa Swedia dapat ditemukan dalam laporan investigasi underwater 1985-1989:Cederlund, C.O., 1989 hubungan över den marinarkeologiska undersökningen avhjulångfartyget E. Nordevall 1985-1988. Statens sjöhistoriska museum, Stockholm.Dalam hal ini tidak bisa dijumpai bibliografis informasi tentang materi yang dipublikasikan hingga titik dalam waktu pada subjek E. Nordevall. Awal perencanaanDalam proposal oleh C. O. Cederlund tanggal 1984-11-02 disajikan untuk melandasi Göta kanal perusahaan, rencana awal untuk di bawah air penyelidikan dan dokumentasi yang diberikan:Langkah 1: meliputi dokumentasi kapal di bawah air dengan cara mengukur, memotret, dan rekaman video. Dalam hal ini kekuatan lambung belajar dan dihitung dalam rangka untuk mempersiapkan untuk menyelamatkan mungkin. Langkah 2: menyelamatkan objek bohong longgar di geladak dan di tempat lain. Ini juga mungkin terdiri dari bagian-bagian hull, yang halus, serta hal-hal yang masih melekat pada lambung, dan harus memotong longgar.Langkah 3: persiapan untuk dan kinerja menyelamatkan lambung kapal, pelestarian itu dan mengatur sebuah museum untuk itu di kota Motala.Pada musim semi tahun 1985 rencana untuk penyelidikan kapal disajikan yang terdiri dari dua tahap:1. fotografi rekaman kapal untuk memberikan gambaran dan dasar, rekaman oleh pengukuran kapal dalam bentuk sebuah pemandangan dan proyeksi horisontal; selektif masih fotografi; perekaman video, dan akhirnya laut evaluasi kemungkinan menyelamatkan artefak dari situs arkeologi.2. menyelamatkan longgar objek dari kapal.Kelompok proyek juga mendirikan "laut Owl group" dengan tugas utamanya untuk menyelidiki kegunaan ROV Swedia, The Sea Owl, investigasi dan merekam situs.Penyelidikan yang direncanakan dan dilakukan dalam pengaturan kerja sama antara Swedish National Maritime Museum, Departemen Teknik kelautan di Universitas teknis Gothenburg, perusahaan Göta kanal, dan perusahaan menyelam pribadi Dykoil, Valdemarsvik.Penyelidikan selama 1985Selama tahun 1985 bagian buritan sisi kanan dan bagian-bagian tertentu di depan roda dayung, dan bagian stern dan stern datar, sistematis difoto untuk menciptakan negatif untuk foto mosaik kapal. Foto-foto gratis tangan bagian-bagian yang berbeda dari lambung juga terkena. Kapal itu pada waktu yang sama video direkam mana esp. sisi kanan, bagian buritan datar dan bagian-bagian tertentu dari dek utama dan sisi pelabuhan tercatat.(Untuk karya selama 1985 Lihat rencana untuk dokumentasi oleh C. O. Cederlund 1985-06-19 (SSHM Dnr: 1293 85), rencana untuk dokumentasi foto untuk rencana foto oleh Cederlund 1985-08-16 (SSHM Dnr 1541/85) dan laporan oleh penulis yang sama dari 1985-06-15 tentang kerja tes ROV The Sea Owl dll pada waktu itu, dan 1985-08-15 (SSHM Dnr: 1542 85) tentang kinerja foto perekaman pada akhir 1985 rencana untuk terus bekerja pada E. Nordevall disajikan pada pertemuan terakhir 1985-12-04 kelompok proyek untuk tahun itu.Penyelidikan selama 1986Sebagai persiapan untuk penyelidikan dan dokumentasi bekerja pada tahun 1986, ada rencana untuk menghapus bangkai kabel dan jaring ikan dll yang telah terjebak dengan struktur sepanjang waktu; dan untuk memadamkan poin dan pengukuran kaset di lambung kapal untuk pengukuran yang; beberapa artefak yang longgar di kapal yang juga diselamatkan. Dokumentasi foto yang dilakukan selama 1986 terdiri rekaman foto terus galleon kepala; sisi kanan busur; Bagian atas dari sisi kanan dari busur roda dayung; sisi kapal di kabindek serta bagian atas buritan datar. Fotografi dilakukan untuk menciptakan dasar untuk rencana foto bagian-bagian kapal difoto.Rekaman video esp. shipside kanan terjadi; dan sampai batas tertentu juga dari sisi pelabuhan, Bagian bagian datar keras dan lebih kecil dari dek utama.Bagian berikut interior juga direkam dengan cara ini: saloon buritan, kabin penumpang, Geladak haluan, serta bagian-bagian tertentu dari ruang mesin dan mesin.Selama tahun ini artefak berikut diselamatkan dari kapal: satu blok dan satu mangkuk Cina-cuci.Selama 1986 pekerjaan dimulai pada rencana foto kapal, khususnya pada bagian belakang dari sisi kanan dan datar buritan kapal.Penyelidikan selama 1987Tahun ini pekerjaan terdiri vertikal fotografi dari dek kabin, dek utama di sisi pelabuhan dan bagian dari sisi kanan, untuk menciptakan rencana foto bidang ini, serta rekaman video dan film dari bagian yang sama dari kapal dan interiornya. Bekerja tahun ini kelompok film dari BBC, UK, mengambil bagian dalam pembuatan film situs untuk program Underwater penemuan.Kelompok ini dilakukan sendiri syuting eksterior maupun interior kapal untuk program bekerja.Penyelidikan selama tahun 1988Vertikal memotret utama dan kabin deck dilakukan pada tahun 1988, seperti rekaman fotografi bagian sisi kanan lambung, roda dan roda rumah di kedua sisi. Bagian yang sama dari lambung direkam dengan kamera video.Selama tahun ini artefak berikut diselamatkan dari kapal: satu Cina kendi dan artefak logam satu, mungkin milik Bagian mekanik dari kapal, mungkin mesinnya.Kesimpulan dari bidang penyelidikan 1985-1988Rekaman E. Nordevall selama periode 1985-1988 dibuat dokumentasi dalam bentuk fotografi negatif untuk pembuatan rencana foto:-Bagian-bagian yang lebih besar dari bagian atas dari sisi kanan, termasuk roda dan ruang kemudi;-Bagian yang lebih kecil dari bagian bawah sisi yang sama dari kapal;-buritan datar-seluruh dek kedepan dengan kue Cucur dan galleon kepala -Bagian-bagian yang lebih besar dari dek utama dengan roda dan wheelhouses-Bagian utama dari dek kabin-windlass-kait yang berbaring di sisi dek SungaiVideo rekaman selama 1985-1988 terdiri dokumentasi bagian atas dari sisi kanan dan kabin dek, juga ke tingkat yang lebih rendah, sisi, utama dan kabin Deck, dek kedepan dan bagian atas buritan datar.Rekaman video dokumen interior pertama misalnya Geladak haluan, kedepan dan buritan saloons, serta beberapa kabin penumpang. Galley, gudang nya, ruang mesin dan kabin tertentu, serta palka kapal hanya tercatat hingga tingkat kecil selama ini. Laporan investigasi 1984-1988 dari tahun 1989Mengikuti bidang rekaman, pekerjaan yang berpusat di sekitar penciptaan foto mosaik kapal seperti itu telah diawetkan dengan menggunakan materi fotografi diproduksi dan dengan bimbingan kaset yang telah dibuat.Berdasarkan bahan-bahan ini, rencana kapal diambil-untuk menggambarkan kapal seperti itu disimpan di bagian bawah Danau Vättern saat investigasi. Dua rencana horisontal dan melihat satu sisi atau proyeksi kapal seperti itu saat itu diciptakan.Laporan ditulis tentang penyelidikan di mana pilihan foto rencana dan masih foto kapal serta rencana sendiri dan penjelasan tentang penggenapan mereka disajikan (Cederlund 1989).Penyelidikan kondisi teknis untuk operasi penyelamatan dari E. NordevallPada tahun yang sama 1989 dan sebagai bagian dari proyek, evaluasi kondisi teknis untuk meneruskan E. Nordevall dilakukan sebagai tesis memeriksa di Dept marine teknik, di Universitas teknis Gothenburg. Hasilnya yang disajikan menunjukkan bahwa lambung akan terus hingga sangat baik operasi penyelamatan (Egeland & Thulin 1989).
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The marine archaeological investigations of the paddle steamer E. Nordevall 1985-1989
The following presentation concerns the marine archaeological investigations performed on the paddle steamer E. Nordevall - from the establishment of a project group for this purpose in the spring of 1985 to the finishing of it in 1989. The presentation is based on the report about these same investigations (Cederlund 1989).
The ship is since the foundering positioned at a depth of 45 metres in open waters, 5 to 6 nautical miles out from the Nässja and Kampudden peninsula, west of the town of Vadstena.
The loss of the vessel and the wreck site, as well as the ship type and its history are described amongst other things in the following publication in English:
Cederlund, C.O., 1987 The Eric Nordewall - an early Swedish paddle steamer.
Theoretical Approaches to Artefacts, Settlement and Society.
Studies in honour of Mats P. Malmer.
B.A.R. International Series 366, p 515-539.
Also in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater
Exploration 16, p 109-134.
Special presentations on the same subjects in Swedish can be found in the report on the underwater investigations 1985-1989:
Cederlund, C.O., 1989 Rapport över den marinarkeologiska undersökningen av
hjulångfartyget E. Nordevall 1985-1988. Statens sjöhistoriska museum, Stockholm.
In this there can also be found bibliographical information about the material published up to that point in time on the subject of the E. Nordevall.

Initial planning
In a proposal by C. O. Cederlund dated 1984-11-02 presented to the presentday Göta Canal Company, an initial plan for the under water investigation and documentation was given:
Step 1: a covering documentation of the ship under water by way of measuring, photographing and video recording. In connection with this, the strength of the hull is studied and calculated in order to prepare it for a possible salvaging.
Step 2: the salvaging of objects lying loose on the deck and elsewhere. This may also comprise those parts of the hull, which are delicate, as well as things which are still attached to the hull, and must be cut loose.
Step 3: the preparation for and performance of a salvaging of the hull, the preservation of it and the arranging of a museum for it in the town of Motala.
In the spring of 1985 a plan for the investigation of the ship was presented which comprised two phases:
1. Photographic recording of the vessel to give an overview of and basis for, the recording by measurements of the ship in the form of a side view and horizontal projection; selective still photography; video recording, and finally marine archaeological evaluation of the possibilities of salvaging artefacts from the site.
2. The salvaging of loose objects from the ship.
The project group also established the “Sea Owl group” with its main task being to investigate the usefulness of the Swedish ROV, The Sea Owl, for the investigation and recording of the site.
The investigations were planned and performed in a cooperative arrangement between the Swedish National Maritime Museum, the Department of Marine Technique at the Technical University of Gothenburg, the Göta Canal Company, and the private diving enterprise Dykoil, Valdemarsvik.

Investigations during 1985
During 1985 the aft part of the starboard side and certain parts ahead of the paddle wheel, and of the stern part and the flat stern, were systematically photographed for the creating of negatives for photo mosaics of the ship. Free hand photos of different parts of the hull were also exposed.
The ship was at the same time video taped where esp. the starboard side, parts of the flat stern and certain parts of the main deck and the port side were recorded.
(For the work during 1985 see plans for the documentation by C. O. Cederlund of 1985-06-19 (SSHM Dnr: 1293/85), Plan for the photo documentation for a photo plan by Cederlund 1985-08-16 (SSHM Dnr 1541/85) and the reports by the same author from 1985-06-15 about test work with the ROV The Sea Owl etc at that time, and 1985-08-15 (SSHM Dnr: 1542/85) about the performance of the photo recording At the end of 1985 a plan for the continued work on the E. Nordevall was presented at the last meeting 1985-12-04 of the project group for that year.

Investigations during 1986
As a preparation for the investigation and documentation work in 1986, there was a plan to clear the wreck of the wires and fishing nets etc which had stuck to the structure over time; and to put out points and measuring tapes on the hull for its measurement; certain loose artefacts on the ship were also salvaged. The photo documentation performed during 1986 comprised a continued photo recording of the galleon head; starboard side of the bow; the upper parts of starboard side from the bow to the paddle wheel; the ship’s side on the cabin
deck as well as the upper part of the flat stern. The photography was undertaken to create a basis for the photo plans of the parts of the ship photographed.
Video recording of esp. the starboard shipside occurred; and to some extent also of the port side, parts of the flat stern and smaller parts of the main deck.
The following parts of the interior were also recorded in this way: the aft saloon, passenger cabins, the forecastle, as well as certain parts of the engine room and the engines.
During this year the following artefacts were salvaged from the vessel: one block and one china-washing bowl.
During 1986 work started the on the photo plans of the ship, esp. on the aft part of the starboard side and the flat stern of the ship.

Investigations during 1987
In this year the work comprised vertical photography of the cabin deck, the main deck on the port side and part of the starboard side, for the creation of a photo plan of these areas, as well as video and film recording of the same parts of the ship and its interior. At the work this year a film group from BBC, UK, took part in the filming of the site for the program Underwater Discoveries.
This group performed its own filming of the exterior and interior of the ship for its program work.

Investigations during 1988
Vertical photographing of the main and cabin decks was undertaken in 1988, as was the photographic recording of parts of the starboard side of the hull, the wheels and the wheel houses on both sides. The same parts of the hull were recorded with a video camera.
During this year the following artefacts were salvaged from the vessel: one china jug and one metal artefact, possibly belonging to a mechanical part of the ship, perhaps its engines.

Conclusion of the field investigations 1985 to 1988
The recording of the E. Nordevall during the period 1985 to 1988 created documentation in the shape of photographic negatives for the creation of photo plans of:
- larger parts of the upper part of the starboard side, including the wheel and the wheelhouse;
- smaller parts of the lower part of the same side of the ship;
- the flat stern
- the whole of the fore deck with bowsprit and galleon head
- larger parts of the main deck with wheels and wheelhouses
- the main part of cabin deck
- the windlass
- the gaff lying on the port side of the deck afore

The video recording during 1985-1988 comprised the documentation of the upper part of starboard side and cabin deck, as well as to a lesser degree, the port side, the main and cabin decks, the fore deck and the upper part of the flat stern.
The video recording of the interior documents in the first instance the forecastle, the fore and aft saloons, as well as a couple of the passenger cabins. The galley, its storerooms, the engine room and certain cabins, as well as the hold of the ship were only recorded to a small degree during this time.

The report on the investigations 1984-1988 from 1989
Following the field recording, work centred around the creation of photographic mosaics of the ship as it had been preserved with the use of the photographic material produced and with the guidance of the videotapes that had been made.
On the basis of these materials, plans of the ship were drawn up – to illustrate the ship as it was preserved on the bottom of Lake Vättern at the time of the investigation. Two horizontal plans and one side view or projection of the ship as it was at the time were created.
A report was written about the investigations in which a selection of photo plans and still photos of the vessel as well as the plans themselves and an explanation of their fulfilment were presented (Cederlund 1989).

Investigation of the technical conditions for a salvage operation of the E. Nordevall
During the same year of 1989 and as a part of the project, an evaluation of the technical conditions for the salvaging of the E. Nordevall was undertaken as an examined thesis in the Dept of marine technique, at the Technical University of Gothenburg. The result which was presented showed that the hull would hold up very well to a salvage operation (Egeland & Thulin 1989).
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