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Induction of Ferritin and Metallothionein Adaptive cellular accumulation of the binding proteins ferritin and metallothionein (MT)is protective against their respective ligands, iron and cadmium ions.Interestingly, up-regulation of ferritin by iron overload, like downregulation of DMT1, is also translationally mediated by IRP1. However, the apoIRP1 (that is formed in iron deficiency) acts oppositelyon ferritin mRNA and blocks its translation. Iron overload relievesthis blockade, as it yields IPR1 with the [4Fe-4S] cluster, whichdoes not bind to the ferritin mRNA, thus causing a surge in ferritintranslation. Ferritin is protective as it removes iron from the Fentonreaction (Fig. 3-4).MT is greatly induced by cadmium and elevated levels of MTprotect the liver by restricting distribution of this toxic metal ion tosensitive intracellular targets (Klaassen et al., 1999). Induction ofMT by Cd2+ is likely indirect; mediated by Zn (displaced from intracellular binding sites), which activates the metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) that in turn augments transcription ofthe MT gene by binding to the metal-responsive elements in itspromoter (Lichtlen and Schaffner, 2001).
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