and Ariel Durant have also observed forcefully in their valuable book, terjemahan - and Ariel Durant have also observed forcefully in their valuable book, Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

and Ariel Durant have also observed

and Ariel Durant have also observed forcefully in their valuable book, The Lessons of History, that “there is no significant example in history, before our time, of the society successfully maintaining moral life without the aid of religion.".1
6. RULES OF BEHAVIOUR AND MOTIVATING SYSTEM
This raises the question of why are moral uplift and social solidarity not possible without the aid of faith. This is because two of the foremost requisites for moral uplift are: first, the existence of values or rules of behavior which command such a wide and unconditional acceptance that they become categorical imperatives; and secondly, the observance of these rules by everyone with a sense of moral obligation. This leads us to another question of how to arrive at rules which are unconditionally accepted and observed by everyone. Is it possible to arrive at such rules by means of 'social contract' as suggested by some secular modern philosophers and political scientists? The answer may be yes only if all participants in the discussion are socially, economically and intellectually equal so that everyone has an equal weight in the formulation of the desired rules. Since such equality is not only non-existent but also almost impossible to create in the real world, the rich and powerful will tend to dominate the decision-making process and lead to the formulation of rules that serve their own vested interests. This would frustrate the universal acceptance and observance of these rules.
It is, therefore, necessary that an omniscient and benevolent outsider be assigned this task - an outsider who is impartial, who knows the strengths and weaknesses of all human beings, who treats them all as equals, who cares for the well-being of all without any discrimination, and who is capable of analyzing not only short-term but also the long-term effects of the rules given by him. Who could be more qualified to take this position than the Creator of this Universe and human beings Himself? The Creator has done this job. There is no reason to assume that the Merciful and Beneficent Creator would create human beings and leave them to grope in the dark. Bernard Williams is, therefore, right in observing that "social morality is not an invention of philosophers.
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and Ariel Durant have also observed forcefully in their valuable book, The Lessons of History, that “there is no significant example in history, before our time, of the society successfully maintaining moral life without the aid of religion.".16. RULES OF BEHAVIOUR AND MOTIVATING SYSTEMThis raises the question of why are moral uplift and social solidarity not possible without the aid of faith. This is because two of the foremost requisites for moral uplift are: first, the existence of values or rules of behavior which command such a wide and unconditional acceptance that they become categorical imperatives; and secondly, the observance of these rules by everyone with a sense of moral obligation. This leads us to another question of how to arrive at rules which are unconditionally accepted and observed by everyone. Is it possible to arrive at such rules by means of 'social contract' as suggested by some secular modern philosophers and political scientists? The answer may be yes only if all participants in the discussion are socially, economically and intellectually equal so that everyone has an equal weight in the formulation of the desired rules. Since such equality is not only non-existent but also almost impossible to create in the real world, the rich and powerful will tend to dominate the decision-making process and lead to the formulation of rules that serve their own vested interests. This would frustrate the universal acceptance and observance of these rules.It is, therefore, necessary that an omniscient and benevolent outsider be assigned this task - an outsider who is impartial, who knows the strengths and weaknesses of all human beings, who treats them all as equals, who cares for the well-being of all without any discrimination, and who is capable of analyzing not only short-term but also the long-term effects of the rules given by him. Who could be more qualified to take this position than the Creator of this Universe and human beings Himself? The Creator has done this job. There is no reason to assume that the Merciful and Beneficent Creator would create human beings and leave them to grope in the dark. Bernard Williams is, therefore, right in observing that "social morality is not an invention of philosophers.
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dan Ariel Durant juga telah mengamati tegas dalam buku berharga mereka, The Pelajaran Sejarah, bahwa "tidak ada contoh signifikan dalam sejarah, sebelum waktu kita, masyarakat berhasil mempertahankan kehidupan moral tanpa bantuan agama.". 1
6. ATURAN PERILAKU DAN SISTEM
MEMOTIVASI. Ini menimbulkan pertanyaan mengapa mengangkat moral dan solidaritas sosial tidak mungkin tanpa bantuan iman Hal ini karena dua syarat utama untuk mengangkat moral: pertama, adanya nilai-nilai atau aturan perilaku yang perintah penerimaan luas dan tanpa syarat sehingga mereka menjadi imperatif kategoris, dan kedua, ketaatan aturan ini dengan semua orang dengan rasa kewajiban moral ini membawa kita ke pertanyaan lain tentang bagaimana untuk sampai pada aturan yang tanpa syarat diterima dan diamati oleh semua orang.. Apakah mungkin untuk tiba di aturan tersebut dengan cara 'kontrak sosial' seperti yang disarankan oleh beberapa filsuf modern yang sekuler dan ilmuwan politik? Jawabannya mungkin ya hanya jika semua peserta dalam diskusi secara sosial, ekonomi dan intelektual yang sama sehingga setiap orang memiliki bobot yang sama dalam perumusan aturan yang diinginkan. Sejak kesetaraan seperti ini tidak hanya tidak ada tetapi juga hampir mustahil untuk menciptakan di dunia nyata, kuat dan kaya akan cenderung mendominasi proses pengambilan keputusan dan mengarah pada perumusan aturan yang melayani kepentingan mereka sendiri. Hal ini akan menggagalkan penerimaan universal dan ketaatan aturan ini.
Oleh karena itu, perlu bahwa orang luar mahatahu dan baik hati ditugaskan tugas ini - orang luar yang tidak memihak, yang mengetahui kekuatan dan kelemahan dari semua manusia, yang memperlakukan mereka semua sebagai sama, siapa yang peduli untuk kesejahteraan semua tanpa diskriminasi, dan yang mampu menganalisis tidak hanya jangka pendek tetapi juga efek jangka panjang dari aturan yang diberikan oleh dia. Yang bisa lebih memenuhi syarat untuk mengambil posisi ini dari Pencipta Alam Semesta ini dan manusia sendiri? Sang Pencipta telah melakukan pekerjaan ini. Tidak ada alasan untuk menganggap bahwa Penyayang dan Pemurah Pencipta akan menciptakan manusia dan meninggalkan mereka untuk meraba-raba dalam gelap. Bernard Williams, oleh karena itu, tepat di mengamati bahwa "moralitas sosial bukanlah penemuan filsuf.
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