CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE2.1 The nature of Writing Wi terjemahan - CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE2.1 The nature of Writing Wi Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF THE RELATED LIT

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE


2.1 The nature of Writing
Wikipedia states that writing is a medium of communication that represents language though the inscription of signs and symbols. According to Tarigan (1985:5) writing is productive skills for writing on indirect communication and the nature of the character is very different from that expressed by speaking directly, therefor writing is included an ability, according to Harmer (2001:79) writing is from of communication to deliver throught or to express feeling through written form. So, writing is an inderect communication to deliver through or to express feeling through writen form.
Writing is important skill in study English for all level. It has many purposes such as to improve the students vocabulary, to improve the students grammatical, etc. Writing is more difficult rather than the other language skills because it needs well knowledge and hard thinking when they are produce words, sentences and paragraphs with a good grammatical.
Jeremy (2001) says written text has a number of conventions which separate it out from speaking. Apart from differences in Grammar and Vocabulary, there are issues of letter, word, and text formation, manifested by handwriting, spelling, and layout and punctuation. It means writing more difficult than speaking. Because in writing there many part of writing that must be mastered by the students. Then, Alice (1991) state that Writing is not easy. It takes study and practice to develop this skill. For both native speakers and new learners of English, it is important to note that writing is a process, not a product.
Based on explanation above the researcher conclude that writing is kind of difficult skill to learn English. It is difficult because many steps or part that must be masteren of the students to write something such as: grammatical, content, and ideas. But writing should easy to the students if they understand what are they learn about writing.
2.1.1 The Process of Writing
John (2003) stated on his book that there are four bases in writing an effective paper: unity, support, coherence, and sentence skills.
a. Unity
To achieve unity is to have all the details in your paper related to your thesis and to your three supporting topic sentences. Each time you think of something to put into your paper, ask yourself whether it relates to your thesis and your supporting points.
b. Support
After realizing the importance of specific supporting details, all your papers should include such vivid details.
c. Coherence
All the supporting ideas and sentences in a paper must be organized so that they cohere. Key techniques for tying together the material in a paper include a clear method of organization (such as time order or emphatic order), transitions, and other connecting words.
d. Sentence Skills
Here are the examples of sentence-skills mistakes: quotation marks, capitalization, singular-plural, parallelism, sentence fragment, misspelled, tenses, apostrophe, etc.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher conclude the process of writing are: unity, support, coherence and sentence skill.
2.1.2 The Component of Writing
Writing text has some rules that must the writer know before begin to write something. If the writer know about it, their written should be a good sentence or text, the rules in writing is namely the component of writing.
According to Brown and Bailey (1984), there are five components that should be considered in writing:
(1) Content
Content means how the subtance of the writing and idea expressed by the writer.
(2) Grmmar
Grmmar is the employment of grammatical forms and syntactic pattern.
(3) Organization
Organization means how is the structure of paragrafh can be made.
(4) Vocabulary
Vocabuary is how the writer chooses appropriate and varied words in his or her writing.
(5) Mechanics
Mechanics according to Brown & Bailey (1984) is the usage of capitalization, punctuation and spelling

2.2 Grammatical
James (2004) stated in his book Assesing Grammar: “Grammar is defined as a systematic way accounting for a predicting an ideal speaker’s or hearer’s knowledge of the language. This is done by a set of rules or principles that can be used to generate all well-formed or grammatical utterances in the language.”
Penny (1996) said that: “Grammar is sometimes defined as the way words are put together to make correct sentences”. This is, as we shall see presently, an over-simplification, but it is good starting point. Thus in English “I am a student” is grammatical; “I a student” and “I are a student” are not.
2.2.1 Grammatical structures
A specific instance of grammar is usually called a “structure”. Examples of structures would be the past tense, noun plurals, the comparison of adjectives, and so on. Not all languages, of course, have the same structures: the English verb has “aspects” for example in progressive: she is going, which many other languages do not
2.2.2 Grammatical Meaning
Grammar does not only affect how units of language are combined in order to look right; it also affects their meaning.The meaning of a grammatical structure may be quite difficult to teach.
It is fairly simple to explain that the addition of a plural –s to the noun in English indicates that you are talking about more than one item, and there are parallels in other language. But how would you explain to the foreigner when to use the present perfect (I have gone) in English, and when the simple past (I went)? If you are grammarian or an experienced English language teacher, you may have the answer at your fingertips; but most English speakers who have not previously studied this question will have to stop and think, and may find it difficult to answer.
2.3 Recount Text
According to Rohim (2005: 9-10) Recount is to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining. It consists of orientation, events, and re-orientation. Orientation provides the setting and introduces participants, events tell what happened, and in what sequence and re-orientation is optional-closure of events. It also focuses on specific participants, use of material processes, its circumstances of time and place, and use of the past tense.
Derewianka (1990: 14-15) states that in a recount we reconstruct past experiences. A recount is the unfolding of a sequence of events overtime and use language to keep the past a live and help to interpret experience. The purpose is to tell what happened.
Moreover, recounts ‘tell what happened’. The purpose of a factual recount is to document a series of events and evaluate their significance in some way. The purpose of the literacy or story recount is to tell a sequence of events so that it entertains. The story recount has expressions of attitude and feeling, usually made by the narrator about the events.
The purpose of recount text is to reconstructs past experience by retelling about the events in order in which they have occurred. It has generic structure such as: first, orientation-background information about whom, where and when, then, series of events in chronological order and a personal comment.
In conclusion, the purpose of a recount is to list and describe past experiences by retelling events in the order in which they happened. And recounts are written to retell events with the purpose of either informing or entertaining their audience. It also focuses on individual participants or events.

2.3.1 Generic Structures of Recount Text
According to Gerot and Wignell, (2004) the generic structure in recount consist of orientation, events, and re-orientation. Orientation provides the setting and introduces participants, events tell what happened, and in what sequence and re-orientation is optional-closure of events.
From discussion above, it can be concluded that recounts begin by telling the reader who was involved, what happened, where this events took place, and when it happened that is called orientation. Then, retelling the sequence of events is then described in chronological order and they’re maybe a re-orientation at the end, which summarizes the events. So, generic structure is the structures or points, which build the entire text.
2.3.2 Language Features of Recount Text
According to Rohim (2005:2) the language features of recount consist of focus on specific participants, use of material processes, circumstance of time and place, use of past tense and focus on temporal sequence.
From discussion above, when writing recount, it has to focus on individual people. Then, use the words that indicate when and where the events took place. After that, it is written in the past tense.
2.3.3 The Example of Recount Text
Based on the explanation above, the researcher brought up an example of recount text as follows:

Example of Recount text.
My Adventure at Leang Cave
Orientation: On Sunday, my parents, my best friend Novi, and I visited a cave at Maros called Leang-leang. It was my first time to visit the cave, better yet; my best friend came to visit it with me!
Event 1: The cave was famous for its primitive cave wall paintings which were some hand prints and wild boar paintings. The cave and its surroundings were turned into a national park, so it was taken care of. My parents took a rest in a small hut for visitors of the park, while Novi and I adventured around the cave with a guide. We had to climb some metal stairs to get to the cave, because the cave was embedded into a small mountain. Next stop was a place where some seashells littered the ground and some were actually piled into a big mound! The guide said that these piles of seashells are called kitchen trash.
Event 2
The humans who lived here ate the shells and dumped the left over‘s in their ‘kitchen’. The las
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BAB IIKAJIAN PUSTAKA TERKAIT2.1 sifat menulis Wikipedia menyatakan bahwa menulis adalah media komunikasi yang mewakili bahasa meskipun prasasti tanda-tanda dan simbol. Menurut Tarigan (1985:5) menulis adalah keterampilan yang produktif untuk menulis pada komunikasi langsung dan sifat karakter sangat berbeda dari yang dinyatakan dengan berbicara langsung, untuk itu menulis termasuk kemampuan, menurut Harmer (2001:79) menulis adalah dari komunikasi untuk menyampaikan berpikir atau untuk mengekspresikan perasaan melalui bentuk tertulis. Jadi, menulis adalah komunikasi inderect untuk menyampaikan melalui atau untuk mengekspresikan perasaan melalui formulir ditulis.Menulis adalah keterampilan yang penting dalam studi bahasa Inggris untuk semua tingkat. Ini memiliki banyak tujuan seperti untuk meningkatkan kosa kata siswa, untuk meningkatkan siswa tata bahasa, dll. Menulis lebih sulit daripada keterampilan bahasa lain karena membutuhkan pengetahuan yang baik dan keras berpikir ketika mereka yang menghasilkan kata-kata, kalimat dan paragraf dengan baik tata bahasa.Jeremy (2001) mengatakan teks tertulis memiliki sejumlah Konvensi yang memisahkan dari berbicara. Terlepas dari perbedaan dalam tata bahasa dan kosa kata, ada masalah huruf, kata, dan formasi teks, diwujudkan oleh tulisan tangan, ejaan, dan tata letak dan tanda baca. Itu berarti menulis lebih sulit daripada berbicara. Karena dalam menulis ada banyak bagian dari menulis yang harus dikuasai oleh para mahasiswa. Kemudian, Alice (1991) menyatakan bahwa menulis tidak mudah. Dibutuhkan studi dan praktek untuk mengembangkan keterampilan ini. Untuk penutur asli dan baru pembelajar bahasa Inggris, sangat penting untuk dicatat bahwa menulis adalah sebuah proses, bukan produk.Berdasarkan uraian diatas peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa menulis adalah keterampilan yang agak sulit untuk belajar bahasa Inggris. Hal ini sulit karena banyak langkah atau bagian yang harus masteren siswa untuk menulis sesuatu seperti: tata bahasa, konten, dan ide-ide. Tapi menulis harus mudah kepada siswa jika mereka mengerti apa yang mereka pelajari tentang menulis.2.1.1 proses penulisanYohanes (2003) menyatakan pada bukunya bahwa ada empat dasar dalam menulis makalah efektif: kesatuan, dukungan, koherensi dan keterampilan kalimat.a. kesatuanUntuk mencapai kesatuan adalah memiliki semua rincian dalam kertas Anda berkaitan dengan tesis Anda dan untuk mendukung topik kalimat Anda tiga. Setiap kali Anda memikirkan sesuatu untuk dimasukkan ke dalam kertas Anda, tanyakan pada diri Anda apakah itu berhubungan dengan tesis Anda dan poin Anda mendukung.b. dukunganSetelah menyadari pentingnya rincian spesifik pendukung, semua surat-surat Anda harus menyertakan rincian seperti hidup.c. koherensiSemua ide-ide dan kalimat-kalimat dalam kertas pendukung harus diatur sehingga mereka singkatnya. Kunci teknik untuk mengikat bersama-sama bahan kertas termasuk metode jelas organisasi (seperti waktu Orde atau tegas order), transisi, dan kata-kata penghubung lain.d. kalimat keterampilanBerikut adalah contoh-contoh kalimat-keterampilan kesalahan: tanda kutip, kapitalisasi, tunggal-jamak, paralelisme, fragmen kalimat, salah eja, tenses, tanda kutip, dll. Berdasarkan uraian di atas, peneliti menyimpulkan proses penulisan: keterampilan kesatuan, dukungan, koherensi dan kalimat.2.1.2 komponen menulisMenulis teks memiliki beberapa aturan yang harus penulis tahu sebelum mulai menulis sesuatu. Jika penulis tahu tentang hal itu, mereka tertulis harus baik kalimat atau teks, aturan dalam menulis adalah yaitu komponen dari menulis.Menurut Brown dan Bailey (1984), ada lima komponen yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam menulis:(1) contentKonten berarti bagaimana subtance penulisan dan ide diungkapkan oleh penulis.(2) Grmmar Grmmar adalah pekerjaan bentuk gramatikal dan sintaksis pola. (3) organisasi Organisasi berarti bagaimana adalah struktur dari paragrafh dapat dilakukan. (4) Kosakata Vocabuary adalah bagaimana penulis memilih kata-kata yang tepat dan bervariasi di nya menulis.(5) mekanika Mekanika menurut Brown & Bailey (1984) adalah penggunaan kapitalisasi, tanda baca dan ejaan 2.2 tata bahasa James (2004) menyatakan dalam buku tata bahasa Assesing: "tata bahasa didefinisikan sebagai cara yang sistematis akuntansi untuk memprediksi pembicara ideal atau pendengar di pengetahuan tentang bahasa. Hal ini dilakukan oleh seperangkat aturan atau prinsip-prinsip yang dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan semua ucapan-ucapan gramatikal atau well-formed dalam bahasa."Penny (1996) mengatakan bahwa: "Tata bahasa kadang-kadang didefinisikan sebagai cara kata diletakkan bersama-sama untuk membuat memperbaiki kalimat". Ini adalah, seperti yang kita lihat saat ini, over-penyederhanaan, tapi ada baiknya titik awal. Jadi dalam bahasa Inggris "Saya seorang mahasiswa" tata bahasa; "Aku seorang mahasiswa" dan "Aku adalah seorang mahasiswa" yang tidak.2.2.1 struktur gramatikalContoh khusus dari tata bahasa biasanya disebut "struktur". Contoh struktur akan lampau, kata benda kata bahasa, perbandingan kata sifat, dan sebagainya. Tidak semua bahasa, tentu saja, memiliki struktur yang sama: kata kerja bahasa Inggris memiliki "aspek" misalnya di progresif: dia akan, yang tidak banyak bahasa lainnya2.2.2 gramatikal maknaTata bahasa tidak hanya mempengaruhi bagaimana unit bahasa dikombinasikan agar terlihat benar; ini juga mempengaruhi makna mereka.Arti dari struktur gramatikal mungkin cukup sulit untuk mengajar. Hal ini cukup sederhana untuk menjelaskan bahwa penambahan jamak-s untuk kata nama dalam bahasa Inggris menunjukkan bahwa Anda berbicara tentang lebih dari satu item, dan ada persamaan dalam bahasa lain. Tapi bagaimana Anda menjelaskan kepada orang asing ketika menggunakan present perfect (sudah) dalam bahasa Inggris, dan ketika masa yang sederhana (aku pergi)? Jika Anda adalah ahli tatabahasa atau guru bahasa Inggris yang berpengalaman, Anda mungkin memiliki jawabannya di ujung jari Anda; tapi paling English speaker yang sebelumnya tidak belajar pertanyaan ini akan harus berhenti dan berpikir, dan mungkin merasa sulit untuk menjawab.2.3 TsamrotulMenurut Rohim (2005: 9-10) menceritakan adalah untuk menceritakan kembali peristiwa untuk memberitahu atau menghibur. Terdiri dari orientasi, acara, dan Re-Orientasi. Orientasi menyediakan pengaturan dan memperkenalkan peserta, peristiwa memberitahu apa yang terjadi, dan dalam urutan dan orientasi semula apa adalah opsional-penutupan acara. Ini juga berfokus pada peserta spesifik, penggunaan bahan proses, keadaan yang waktu dan tempat, dan penggunaan lampau.Derewianka (1990: 14-15) menyatakan bahwa perhitungan ulang kami merekonstruksi pengalaman masa lalu. Penghitungan ulang ini membentang dari urutan peristiwa lembur dan menggunakan bahasa untuk menjaga masa hidup dan membantu untuk menafsirkan pengalaman. Tujuannya adalah untuk menceritakan apa yang terjadi.Selain itu, menceritakan 'memberitahu apa terjadi'. Penghitungan ulang faktual bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan berbagai acara dan mengevaluasi signifikansi mereka dalam beberapa cara. Melek huruf atau cerita menceritakan bertujuan untuk memberitahu urutan peristiwa sehingga itu menghibur. Menceritakan kisah memiliki ekspresi sikap dan perasaan, biasanya dibuat oleh narator tentang peristiwa-peristiwa.Tujuan dari teks untuk rekonstruksi masa lalu mengalami dengan menceritakan kembali tentang peristiwa-peristiwa dalam urutan di mana mereka terjadi. Ini memiliki struktur generik seperti: pertama, orientasi-latar belakang informasi tentang siapa, di mana dan Kapan, maka, serangkaian peristiwa dalam urutan kronologis dan komentar pribadi.Kesimpulannya, penghitungan ulang bertujuan untuk daftar dan menggambarkan pengalaman masa lalu dengan menceritakan kembali peristiwa dalam urutan di mana mereka terjadi. Dan cerita-cerita yang ditulis untuk menceritakan kembali peristiwa dengan tujuan baik memberitahu atau menghibur penonton mereka. Ini juga berfokus pada peserta individu atau peristiwa.2.3.1 generik struktur teksMenurut Gerot dan Wignell, (2004) struktur generik di menceritakan terdiri dari orientasi, acara, dan Re-Orientasi. Orientasi menyediakan pengaturan dan memperkenalkan peserta, peristiwa memberitahu apa yang terjadi, dan dalam urutan dan orientasi semula apa adalah opsional-penutupan acara.Dari diskusi di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa cerita-cerita mulai dengan menceritakan pembaca yang terlibat, apa yang terjadi, dimana kegiatan ini berlangsung, dan ketika itu terjadi itu disebut orientasi. Kemudian, menceritakan kembali urutan peristiwa ini kemudian digambarkan dalam urutan kronologis dan mereka mungkin orientasi-ulang pada akhirnya, yang merangkum peristiwa. Jadi, struktur generik adalah struktur atau poin, yang membangun seluruh teks.2.3.2 fitur bahasa teksMenurut Rohim (2005:2) fitur bahasa menceritakan terdiri dari fokus pada peserta spesifik, penggunaan bahan proses, keadaan waktu dan tempat, penggunaan masa lampau dan berfokus pada urutan sementara.Dari diskusi di atas, ketika menulis penghitungan ulang, itu harus fokus pada masing-masing orang. Kemudian, gunakan kata-kata yang menunjukkan Kapan dan di mana peristiwa-peristiwa terjadi. Setelah itu, itu ditulis dalam bentuk lampau.2.3.3 contoh teksBerdasarkan uraian di atas, peneliti membawa sebuah contoh dari teks sebagai berikut:Contoh teks.Petualangan saya di gua LeangOrientasi: Pada hari Minggu, orang tua saya, Novi teman terbaik saya, dan saya mengunjungi gua Maros disebut Leang-leang. Ini adalah pertama kalinya saya mengunjungi gua, lebih baik lagi; sahabat saya datang untuk mengunjungi dengan saya! Acara 1: Gua ini terkenal dengan lukisan dinding gua primitif yang beberapa cetakan tangan dan lukisan celeng. Gua dan sekitarnya berubah menjadi Taman Nasional, jadi itu adalah diurus. Orangtua saya mengambil istirahat di sebuah pondok kecil untuk pengunjung Park, sementara Novi dan saya adventured di sekitar gua dengan panduan. Kami harus mendaki beberapa tangga logam untuk menuju gua, karena gua tertanam ke dalam sebuah gunung kecil. Perhentian berikutnya adalah tempat di mana beberapa kerang berserakan tanah dan beberapa benar-benar dihimpun ke gundukan besar! Panduan mengatakan bahwa tumpukan kerang disebut sampah dapur. Acara 2 Manusia yang tinggal di sini makan kerang dan dibuang kiri atas di 'dapur'. Las
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE


2.1 The nature of Writing
Wikipedia states that writing is a medium of communication that represents language though the inscription of signs and symbols. According to Tarigan (1985:5) writing is productive skills for writing on indirect communication and the nature of the character is very different from that expressed by speaking directly, therefor writing is included an ability, according to Harmer (2001:79) writing is from of communication to deliver throught or to express feeling through written form. So, writing is an inderect communication to deliver through or to express feeling through writen form.
Writing is important skill in study English for all level. It has many purposes such as to improve the students vocabulary, to improve the students grammatical, etc. Writing is more difficult rather than the other language skills because it needs well knowledge and hard thinking when they are produce words, sentences and paragraphs with a good grammatical.
Jeremy (2001) says written text has a number of conventions which separate it out from speaking. Apart from differences in Grammar and Vocabulary, there are issues of letter, word, and text formation, manifested by handwriting, spelling, and layout and punctuation. It means writing more difficult than speaking. Because in writing there many part of writing that must be mastered by the students. Then, Alice (1991) state that Writing is not easy. It takes study and practice to develop this skill. For both native speakers and new learners of English, it is important to note that writing is a process, not a product.
Based on explanation above the researcher conclude that writing is kind of difficult skill to learn English. It is difficult because many steps or part that must be masteren of the students to write something such as: grammatical, content, and ideas. But writing should easy to the students if they understand what are they learn about writing.
2.1.1 The Process of Writing
John (2003) stated on his book that there are four bases in writing an effective paper: unity, support, coherence, and sentence skills.
a. Unity
To achieve unity is to have all the details in your paper related to your thesis and to your three supporting topic sentences. Each time you think of something to put into your paper, ask yourself whether it relates to your thesis and your supporting points.
b. Support
After realizing the importance of specific supporting details, all your papers should include such vivid details.
c. Coherence
All the supporting ideas and sentences in a paper must be organized so that they cohere. Key techniques for tying together the material in a paper include a clear method of organization (such as time order or emphatic order), transitions, and other connecting words.
d. Sentence Skills
Here are the examples of sentence-skills mistakes: quotation marks, capitalization, singular-plural, parallelism, sentence fragment, misspelled, tenses, apostrophe, etc.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher conclude the process of writing are: unity, support, coherence and sentence skill.
2.1.2 The Component of Writing
Writing text has some rules that must the writer know before begin to write something. If the writer know about it, their written should be a good sentence or text, the rules in writing is namely the component of writing.
According to Brown and Bailey (1984), there are five components that should be considered in writing:
(1) Content
Content means how the subtance of the writing and idea expressed by the writer.
(2) Grmmar
Grmmar is the employment of grammatical forms and syntactic pattern.
(3) Organization
Organization means how is the structure of paragrafh can be made.
(4) Vocabulary
Vocabuary is how the writer chooses appropriate and varied words in his or her writing.
(5) Mechanics
Mechanics according to Brown & Bailey (1984) is the usage of capitalization, punctuation and spelling

2.2 Grammatical
James (2004) stated in his book Assesing Grammar: “Grammar is defined as a systematic way accounting for a predicting an ideal speaker’s or hearer’s knowledge of the language. This is done by a set of rules or principles that can be used to generate all well-formed or grammatical utterances in the language.”
Penny (1996) said that: “Grammar is sometimes defined as the way words are put together to make correct sentences”. This is, as we shall see presently, an over-simplification, but it is good starting point. Thus in English “I am a student” is grammatical; “I a student” and “I are a student” are not.
2.2.1 Grammatical structures
A specific instance of grammar is usually called a “structure”. Examples of structures would be the past tense, noun plurals, the comparison of adjectives, and so on. Not all languages, of course, have the same structures: the English verb has “aspects” for example in progressive: she is going, which many other languages do not
2.2.2 Grammatical Meaning
Grammar does not only affect how units of language are combined in order to look right; it also affects their meaning.The meaning of a grammatical structure may be quite difficult to teach.
It is fairly simple to explain that the addition of a plural –s to the noun in English indicates that you are talking about more than one item, and there are parallels in other language. But how would you explain to the foreigner when to use the present perfect (I have gone) in English, and when the simple past (I went)? If you are grammarian or an experienced English language teacher, you may have the answer at your fingertips; but most English speakers who have not previously studied this question will have to stop and think, and may find it difficult to answer.
2.3 Recount Text
According to Rohim (2005: 9-10) Recount is to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining. It consists of orientation, events, and re-orientation. Orientation provides the setting and introduces participants, events tell what happened, and in what sequence and re-orientation is optional-closure of events. It also focuses on specific participants, use of material processes, its circumstances of time and place, and use of the past tense.
Derewianka (1990: 14-15) states that in a recount we reconstruct past experiences. A recount is the unfolding of a sequence of events overtime and use language to keep the past a live and help to interpret experience. The purpose is to tell what happened.
Moreover, recounts ‘tell what happened’. The purpose of a factual recount is to document a series of events and evaluate their significance in some way. The purpose of the literacy or story recount is to tell a sequence of events so that it entertains. The story recount has expressions of attitude and feeling, usually made by the narrator about the events.
The purpose of recount text is to reconstructs past experience by retelling about the events in order in which they have occurred. It has generic structure such as: first, orientation-background information about whom, where and when, then, series of events in chronological order and a personal comment.
In conclusion, the purpose of a recount is to list and describe past experiences by retelling events in the order in which they happened. And recounts are written to retell events with the purpose of either informing or entertaining their audience. It also focuses on individual participants or events.

2.3.1 Generic Structures of Recount Text
According to Gerot and Wignell, (2004) the generic structure in recount consist of orientation, events, and re-orientation. Orientation provides the setting and introduces participants, events tell what happened, and in what sequence and re-orientation is optional-closure of events.
From discussion above, it can be concluded that recounts begin by telling the reader who was involved, what happened, where this events took place, and when it happened that is called orientation. Then, retelling the sequence of events is then described in chronological order and they’re maybe a re-orientation at the end, which summarizes the events. So, generic structure is the structures or points, which build the entire text.
2.3.2 Language Features of Recount Text
According to Rohim (2005:2) the language features of recount consist of focus on specific participants, use of material processes, circumstance of time and place, use of past tense and focus on temporal sequence.
From discussion above, when writing recount, it has to focus on individual people. Then, use the words that indicate when and where the events took place. After that, it is written in the past tense.
2.3.3 The Example of Recount Text
Based on the explanation above, the researcher brought up an example of recount text as follows:

Example of Recount text.
My Adventure at Leang Cave
Orientation: On Sunday, my parents, my best friend Novi, and I visited a cave at Maros called Leang-leang. It was my first time to visit the cave, better yet; my best friend came to visit it with me!
Event 1: The cave was famous for its primitive cave wall paintings which were some hand prints and wild boar paintings. The cave and its surroundings were turned into a national park, so it was taken care of. My parents took a rest in a small hut for visitors of the park, while Novi and I adventured around the cave with a guide. We had to climb some metal stairs to get to the cave, because the cave was embedded into a small mountain. Next stop was a place where some seashells littered the ground and some were actually piled into a big mound! The guide said that these piles of seashells are called kitchen trash.
Event 2
The humans who lived here ate the shells and dumped the left over‘s in their ‘kitchen’. The las
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