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A possible connection between the psychopathology ofdepressive disorders and circadian rhythms has been postulated for many years; however, the underlying biologicalmechanisms still remain unexplained. There are some datasuggesting that the effect of antidepressive medications isat least partially due to their action on the circadianrhythms (McClung2007). Exploring of the neurobiologicalmechanisms has contributed to the discovery of so-calledclock genes, which are present in many cells of the centralnervous system, and which are responsible for the circadianrhythm abnormalities, leading to disrupted behavioralstates (Turek 2007). These biological connections mayexplain how close are the relations between sleep disordersand depressive symptoms. According to Harvey (2011),sleep disturbances are important, but still under-recognizedmechanisms, related to the etiology and clinical course ofmood disorders. In particular, abnormal sleep patterns maybe risk factors for the relapse of depressive episodes as wellas for the deterioration of cognitive and emotional regulation, and hormonal or metabolic disorders.
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