Lack of specific regulationsThe indications and posology of plant-deri terjemahan - Lack of specific regulationsThe indications and posology of plant-deri Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Lack of specific regulationsThe ind

Lack of specific regulations
The indications and posology of plant-derived
products vary widely across nations and continents,
according to socioeconomic and cultural aspects, as
well as to regulations. For example, ginger (Zingiber
officinalis) can be used as medicine in Europe, as food
supplement in the United States, and as tea in Brazil,
where until recently, it was not considered medicine. Since
2004, herbal medicines are FDA-regulated and defined as
“complex extracts from a plant to be used for the treatment
of disease.” They are clinically evaluated for safety and
efficacy just as conventional drugs, but the process for
botanical drugs can be expedited when there is history
of safe human use (Raskin & Ripoll, 2004; Schmidt et
al., 2008). Recently, Brazil has taken large steps towards better regulations on botanical drugs, starting in 2006 with
the “National Policies on Medicinal Plants and Herbal
Medicines.” In the last few years, several regulations
were published, addressing the use of botanical drugs (as
infusions) without medical prescriptions (Anvisa, 2010a),
the use herbal medicines with simplified registration
(Anvisa, 2008), and other important issues. Brazil has
also recently published an updated national pharmacopeia
(Farmacopeia Brasileira, 2010) and a national herbal
formulary (Anvisa, 2011). The new definitions brought by
these regulations made nomenclature more clear
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Lack of specific regulationsThe indications and posology of plant-derivedproducts vary widely across nations and continents,according to socioeconomic and cultural aspects, aswell as to regulations. For example, ginger (Zingiberofficinalis) can be used as medicine in Europe, as foodsupplement in the United States, and as tea in Brazil,where until recently, it was not considered medicine. Since2004, herbal medicines are FDA-regulated and defined as“complex extracts from a plant to be used for the treatmentof disease.” They are clinically evaluated for safety andefficacy just as conventional drugs, but the process forbotanical drugs can be expedited when there is historyof safe human use (Raskin & Ripoll, 2004; Schmidt etal., 2008). Recently, Brazil has taken large steps towards better regulations on botanical drugs, starting in 2006 withthe “National Policies on Medicinal Plants and HerbalMedicines.” In the last few years, several regulationswere published, addressing the use of botanical drugs (asinfusions) without medical prescriptions (Anvisa, 2010a),the use herbal medicines with simplified registration(Anvisa, 2008), and other important issues. Brazil hasalso recently published an updated national pharmacopeia(Farmacopeia Brasileira, 2010) and a national herbalformulary (Anvisa, 2011). The new definitions brought bythese regulations made nomenclature more clear
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Kurangnya peraturan khusus
Indikasi dan cara penggunaannya dari tanaman yang diturunkan
produk bervariasi di seluruh negara dan benua,
menurut aspek sosial ekonomi dan budaya,
serta peraturan. Misalnya, jahe (Zingiber
officinalis) dapat digunakan sebagai obat di Eropa, sebagai makanan
suplemen di Amerika Serikat, dan teh di Brazil,
di mana sampai saat ini, itu tidak dianggap obat. Sejak
tahun 2004, obat-obatan herbal yang FDA-diatur dan didefinisikan sebagai
"ekstrak kompleks dari tanaman yang akan digunakan untuk pengobatan
penyakit." Mereka secara klinis dievaluasi untuk keamanan dan
kemanjuran seperti obat konvensional, tetapi proses untuk
obat botani dapat dipercepat ketika ada sejarah
penggunaan manusia yang aman (Raskin & Ripoll, 2004; Schmidt et
. al, 2008). Baru-baru ini, Brasil telah mengambil langkah besar menuju peraturan yang lebih baik pada obat-obatan botani, mulai tahun 2006 dengan
"Kebijakan Nasional Tanaman Obat dan Herbal
Obat." Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, beberapa peraturan
yang diterbitkan, membahas penggunaan obat botani (seperti
infus ) tanpa resep medis (Anvisa, 2010a),
penggunaan obat-obatan herbal dengan pendaftaran disederhanakan
(Anvisa, 2008), dan isu-isu penting lainnya. Brazil telah
juga baru-baru ini menerbitkan sebuah farmakope nasional diperbarui
(Farmacopeia Brasileira, 2010) dan herbal nasional
formularium (Anvisa, 2011). Definisi baru yang dibawa oleh
peraturan tersebut dibuat nomenklatur lebih jelas
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