IIn 1997, prodded by Labour’s media managers (confident of Tony Blair’ terjemahan - IIn 1997, prodded by Labour’s media managers (confident of Tony Blair’ Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

IIn 1997, prodded by Labour’s media


IIn 1997, prodded by Labour’s media managers (confident of Tony Blair’s
ability to perform well) the main parties came closer than ever before to
agreement on the terms and conditions of live debates between the party
leaders. In the end they backed off, for reasons which remain unclear. Some
speculated that Labour, having initially supported the idea of a leaders’
debate, took the view that with a huge lead in the opinion polls it was not
POLITICAL PUBLIC RELATIONS
125
worth risking the kind of disaster experienced by Carter, Ford of Dan Quayle
when the latter famously, and foolishly, compared himself to John F.
Kennedy. Others claimed that it was the Tories, fearful of how their leader,
John Major, would perform against Blair, who stymied the negotiations. For
whatever reason, there was no leaders’ debate in 1997. Nor was there in
2001 or 2005, to the disappointment of many commentators.
It should of course be remembered that in Britain, unlike the US, the Prime
Minister and his or her principal challengers areseen debating live on
television most weeks of the year. Prime Minister’s Question Time in the
House of Commons is an event without parallel in the US political system,
and may perhaps be viewed as a more than adequate substitution for the
one-off presidential debate. In the House of Commons a party leader’s
success is not measured in terms of soundbites and slip-ups alone (although
these are noted), but on performance over a parliamentary session, which
may be thought to be a tougher and more accurate test of debating skill than
the 90 or so minutes of a US presidential clash.
3
There are in Britain, in addition, live campaign debates between more
junior politicians in which detailed policy issues are covered. The party
leaders also submit themselves to set-piece interviews by the most prominent
pundits of the day, such as Jonathan Dimbleby, Jeremy Paxman, and John
Humphrys. These occasions allow a measure of comparison to be drawn
between candidates. The Labour leader’s ‘handling’ of Paxman or Dimbleby
can be compared with that of Tory leader David Cameron. Gaffes are easily
made, and not as easily recovered from. One of the decisive events of the
1987 general election campaign occurred during Labour leader Neil
Kinnock’s interview with David Frost on the latter’s Sunday morning
Breakfastshow.
4
At that stage in the 1987 campaign Labour was doing
reasonably well in the polls and had received some enthusiastic coverage for
its advertising campaign (see Chapter 6). In the course of the interview
Kinnock implied, during an attempt to explain Labour’s non-nuclear defence
policy, that the Soviets would not invade Britain, whether it had nuclear or
non-nuclear defence, because of the strategic difficulty of taking the islands
against determined opposition (including, he emphasised, guerrilla warfare).
This statement of an obvious military fact slipped out almost unnoticed, until
Conservative campaign managers spotted it on recordings of the show and
proceeded to develop a powerful public relations and advertising campaign
around the theme of Labour’s incompetence on defence (see Figure 7.1).
Kinnock had inadvertently opened up the defence debate, on which Labour
was traditionally weak, and handed the Conservatives a valuable opportunity to ‘score’. Rather better at these exercises was Tony Blair, who, as
prime minister, participated in several live interview and debate sessions
involving journalists and members of the public. On Ask the Prime Minister
(ITV), Question Time(BBC 1) and Newsnight(BBC 2),
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IIn 1997, prodded by Labour’s media managers (confident of Tony Blair’sability to perform well) the main parties came closer than ever before toagreement on the terms and conditions of live debates between the partyleaders. In the end they backed off, for reasons which remain unclear. Somespeculated that Labour, having initially supported the idea of a leaders’debate, took the view that with a huge lead in the opinion polls it was notPOLITICAL PUBLIC RELATIONS125worth risking the kind of disaster experienced by Carter, Ford of Dan Quaylewhen the latter famously, and foolishly, compared himself to John F.Kennedy. Others claimed that it was the Tories, fearful of how their leader,John Major, would perform against Blair, who stymied the negotiations. Forwhatever reason, there was no leaders’ debate in 1997. Nor was there in2001 or 2005, to the disappointment of many commentators.It should of course be remembered that in Britain, unlike the US, the PrimeMinister and his or her principal challengers areseen debating live ontelevision most weeks of the year. Prime Minister’s Question Time in theHouse of Commons is an event without parallel in the US political system,and may perhaps be viewed as a more than adequate substitution for theone-off presidential debate. In the House of Commons a party leader’ssuccess is not measured in terms of soundbites and slip-ups alone (althoughthese are noted), but on performance over a parliamentary session, whichmay be thought to be a tougher and more accurate test of debating skill thanthe 90 or so minutes of a US presidential clash.3There are in Britain, in addition, live campaign debates between morejunior politicians in which detailed policy issues are covered. The partyleaders also submit themselves to set-piece interviews by the most prominentpundits of the day, such as Jonathan Dimbleby, Jeremy Paxman, and JohnHumphrys. These occasions allow a measure of comparison to be drawnbetween candidates. The Labour leader’s ‘handling’ of Paxman or Dimblebycan be compared with that of Tory leader David Cameron. Gaffes are easilymade, and not as easily recovered from. One of the decisive events of the1987 general election campaign occurred during Labour leader NeilKinnock’s interview with David Frost on the latter’s Sunday morningBreakfastshow.4At that stage in the 1987 campaign Labour was doingreasonably well in the polls and had received some enthusiastic coverage forits advertising campaign (see Chapter 6). In the course of the interviewKinnock implied, during an attempt to explain Labour’s non-nuclear defencepolicy, that the Soviets would not invade Britain, whether it had nuclear ornon-nuclear defence, because of the strategic difficulty of taking the islandsagainst determined opposition (including, he emphasised, guerrilla warfare).This statement of an obvious military fact slipped out almost unnoticed, untilConservative campaign managers spotted it on recordings of the show andproceeded to develop a powerful public relations and advertising campaignaround the theme of Labour’s incompetence on defence (see Figure 7.1).Kinnock had inadvertently opened up the defence debate, on which Labourwas traditionally weak, and handed the Conservatives a valuable opportunity to ‘score’. Rather better at these exercises was Tony Blair, who, asprime minister, participated in several live interview and debate sessionsinvolving journalists and members of the public. On Ask the Prime Minister(ITV), Question Time(BBC 1) and Newsnight(BBC 2),
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
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IIn 1997, didorong oleh pengelola media Buruh (yakin Tony Blair
kemampuan untuk melakukan dengan baik) pihak utama datang lebih dekat daripada sebelumnya untuk
kesepakatan tentang syarat dan kondisi dari perdebatan hidup antara partai
pemimpin. Pada akhirnya mereka mundur, karena alasan yang masih belum jelas. Beberapa
berspekulasi bahwa Partai Buruh, setelah awalnya mendukung gagasan pemimpin '
debat, mengambil pandangan bahwa dengan memimpin besar dalam jajak pendapat itu tidak
POLITIK HUMAS
125
layak mempertaruhkan jenis bencana yang dialami Carter, Ford Dan Quayle
saat yang terkenal terakhir, dan bodoh, membandingkan dirinya dengan John F.
Kennedy. Lain menyatakan bahwa itu adalah Tories, takut bagaimana pemimpin mereka,
John Major, akan tampil melawan Blair, yang terhalang negosiasi. Untuk
alasan apapun, ada perdebatan tidak ada pemimpin 'pada tahun 1997. Juga tidak ada di
tahun 2001 atau 2005, untuk kekecewaan banyak komentator.
Ini tentunya harus diingat bahwa di Inggris, seperti Amerika Serikat, Perdana
Menteri dan kepala nya penantang areseen berdebat langsung di
televisi kebanyakan minggu tahun. Perdana Menteri Question Time di
House of Commons adalah sebuah acara tanpa paralel dalam sistem politik AS,
dan mungkin dapat dipandang sebagai lebih dari substitusi yang memadai untuk
debat presiden satu-off. Di House of Commons pemimpin partai
keberhasilan tidak diukur dari segi soundbites dan slip-up saja (meskipun
ini dicatat), tetapi pada kinerja selama sesi parlemen, yang
dapat dianggap sebagai tes yang lebih keras dan lebih akurat berdebat keterampilan dari
90 atau lebih menit dari bentrokan presiden AS.
3
Ada di Inggris, di samping itu, kampanye hidup perdebatan antara lebih
politisi junior di mana isu-isu kebijakan rinci dibahas. Partai
pemimpin juga menyerahkan diri untuk set-piece wawancara oleh paling menonjol
pakar hari, seperti Jonathan Dimbleby, Jeremy Paxman, dan John
Humphrys. Kesempatan ini memungkinkan ukuran perbandingan yang akan ditarik
antara kandidat. Pemimpin Partai Buruh 'penanganan' dari Paxman atau Dimbleby
dapat dibandingkan dengan pemimpin Tory David Cameron. Kejanggalan yang mudah
dibuat, dan tidak mudah pulih dari. Salah satu peristiwa yang menentukan dari
1987 kampanye pemilihan umum terjadi selama pemimpin Partai Buruh Neil
wawancara Kinnock dengan David Frost pada hari Minggu pagi yang terakhir
Breakfastshow.
4
Pada tahap dalam tahun 1987 kampanye Buruh melakukan
cukup baik dalam jajak pendapat dan telah menerima beberapa liputan antusias untuk
kampanye iklan (lihat Bab 6). Dalam perjalanan wawancara
Kinnock tersirat, saat mencoba untuk menjelaskan pertahanan non-nuklir Buruh
kebijakan, bahwa Soviet tidak akan menyerang Inggris, apakah itu nuklir atau
pertahanan non-nuklir, karena kesulitan strategis mengambil pulau
terhadap ditentukan Oposisi (termasuk, ia menekankan, perang gerilya).
Pernyataan fakta militer yang jelas menyelinap keluar tanpa keluhan, sampai
manajer kampanye Konservatif melihat pada rekaman acara dan
melanjutkan untuk mengembangkan hubungan masyarakat yang kuat dan kampanye iklan
sekitar tema Buruh ketidakmampuan pertahanan (lihat Gambar 7.1).
Kinnock telah secara tidak sengaja membuka perdebatan pertahanan, di mana Partai Buruh
secara tradisional lemah, dan menyerahkan Konservatif kesempatan berharga untuk 'nilai'. Agak lebih baik di latihan ini adalah Tony Blair, yang, seperti
perdana menteri, berpartisipasi dalam beberapa wawancara langsung dan debat sesi
yang melibatkan wartawan dan anggota masyarakat. Pada Tanyakan Perdana Menteri
(ITV), Question Time (BBC 1) dan Newsnight (BBC 2),
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