The financial risk for this industry is difficult to judge because of  terjemahan - The financial risk for this industry is difficult to judge because of  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

The financial risk for this industr

The financial risk for this industry is difficult to judge because of widespread use of operating
leases for stores in the industry that are not included on the balance sheet. As a result, the
reported data on debt to total capital or interest coverage ratios indicate that the FR for this
industry is substantially below the market. Assuming substantial use of long-term lease contracts,
when these are capitalized the retailing industry probably has financial risk about equal
to the market. While data are not available to capitalize leases for the industry, we showed
how to do this in Chapter 10 and will demonstrate it for a company in Chapter 14.
To evaluate an industry’s market liquidity risk, you must estimate the liquidity risk for all
the firms in the industry, and derive a composite view. The fact is, there is substantial variation
in market liquidity among the firms in this industry, ranging from Walgreens and
Walmart, which are fairly liquid to small specialty retail chains, which are relatively illiquid.
A conservative view is that the industry has above-average liquidity risk.
Exchange rate risk (ERR) is the uncertainty of earnings due to changes in exchange
rates faced by firms in this industry that sell outside the United States. The amount of ERR is
determined by what proportion of sales is non-U.S., how these sales are distributed among
countries, and the exchange rate volatility for these countries. This risk could range from an
industry with very limited international sales (e.g., a service industry that is not involved
overseas) to a global industry (e.g., the chemical or pharmaceutical industry). For a truly global
industry, you need to examine the distribution of sales among specific countries because the
exchange rate risk varies among countries based on the volatility of exchange rates with the
U.S. dollar. The ERR for the retailing industry would be relatively low because sales and
earnings for most retailing firms are attributable to activity within the United States.
The existence of country risk (CR) is likewise a function of the proportion of foreign sales,
the specific foreign countries involved, and the stability of the political/economic system in
these countries. As noted, there is very little CR in the United Kingdom and Japan, but there
can be substantial CR in China, Russia, and South Africa. Again, for the retailing industry,
country risk would be relatively low because of limited foreign sales.
In summary, for the retailing industry business risk is definitely below average, financial
risk is at best equal to the market, liquidity risk is above average, and exchange rate risk and
country risk are fairly low for most retail firms. The consensus is that the fundamental risk for
the RET industry should be slightly lower than for the aggregate market.
The systematic risk for the retailing industry is computed using the market model as
follows:
13.2 % Δ RETt = αi + βið% Δ S&P 500tÞ
where:
%Δ RETt = the percentage price change in the retailing ðRETÞ index during month t
αi = the regression intercept for the RET industry
βi = the systematic risk measure for the RET industry equal to Covi;m=σ2
m
To derive an estimate for the RET industry, the model specified was run with monthly data
for the five-year period of 2006 to 2010. The results for this regression are as follows:
αi = 0:008 R2 = 0:69
βi = 1:10 DW = 1:86
t-value = 5:45 F =68:50
The systematic risk (β = 1.10) for the RET industry is a little above unity, indicating an above
market risk industry (i.e., risk slightly above the market). These results suggest that the systematic
risk for this industry is a little above the prior estimate of fundamental risk factors (BR,
FR, LR, ERR, CR).
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
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The financial risk for this industry is difficult to judge because of widespread use of operatingleases for stores in the industry that are not included on the balance sheet. As a result, thereported data on debt to total capital or interest coverage ratios indicate that the FR for thisindustry is substantially below the market. Assuming substantial use of long-term lease contracts,when these are capitalized the retailing industry probably has financial risk about equalto the market. While data are not available to capitalize leases for the industry, we showedhow to do this in Chapter 10 and will demonstrate it for a company in Chapter 14.To evaluate an industry’s market liquidity risk, you must estimate the liquidity risk for allthe firms in the industry, and derive a composite view. The fact is, there is substantial variationin market liquidity among the firms in this industry, ranging from Walgreens andWalmart, which are fairly liquid to small specialty retail chains, which are relatively illiquid.A conservative view is that the industry has above-average liquidity risk.Exchange rate risk (ERR) is the uncertainty of earnings due to changes in exchangerates faced by firms in this industry that sell outside the United States. The amount of ERR isdetermined by what proportion of sales is non-U.S., how these sales are distributed amongcountries, and the exchange rate volatility for these countries. This risk could range from anindustry with very limited international sales (e.g., a service industry that is not involvedoverseas) to a global industry (e.g., the chemical or pharmaceutical industry). For a truly globalindustry, you need to examine the distribution of sales among specific countries because theexchange rate risk varies among countries based on the volatility of exchange rates with theU.S. dollar. The ERR for the retailing industry would be relatively low because sales andearnings for most retailing firms are attributable to activity within the United States.The existence of country risk (CR) is likewise a function of the proportion of foreign sales,the specific foreign countries involved, and the stability of the political/economic system inthese countries. As noted, there is very little CR in the United Kingdom and Japan, but therecan be substantial CR in China, Russia, and South Africa. Again, for the retailing industry,country risk would be relatively low because of limited foreign sales.In summary, for the retailing industry business risk is definitely below average, financialrisk is at best equal to the market, liquidity risk is above average, and exchange rate risk andcountry risk are fairly low for most retail firms. The consensus is that the fundamental risk forthe RET industry should be slightly lower than for the aggregate market.The systematic risk for the retailing industry is computed using the market model asfollows:13.2 % Δ RETt = αi + βið% Δ S&P 500tÞwhere:%Δ RETt = the percentage price change in the retailing ðRETÞ index during month tαi = the regression intercept for the RET industryβi = the systematic risk measure for the RET industry equal to Covi;m=σ2mTo derive an estimate for the RET industry, the model specified was run with monthly datafor the five-year period of 2006 to 2010. The results for this regression are as follows:αi = 0:008 R2 = 0:69βi = 1:10 DW = 1:86t-value = 5:45 F =68:50The systematic risk (β = 1.10) for the RET industry is a little above unity, indicating an abovemarket risk industry (i.e., risk slightly above the market). These results suggest that the systematicrisk for this industry is a little above the prior estimate of fundamental risk factors (BR,FR, LR, ERR, CR).
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Risiko keuangan untuk industri ini sulit untuk menilai karena meluasnya penggunaan operasi
sewa untuk toko di industri yang tidak termasuk pada neraca. Sebagai hasilnya,
data yang dilaporkan pada utang terhadap total rasio cakupan modal atau bunga menunjukkan bahwa FR untuk ini
industri secara substansial di bawah pasar. Dengan asumsi penggunaan besar kontrak sewa jangka panjang,
saat ini dikapitalisasi industri ritel mungkin memiliki risiko keuangan sekitar sama
ke pasar. Sedangkan data tidak tersedia untuk memanfaatkan sewa untuk industri, kita menunjukkan
bagaimana melakukan ini dalam Bab 10 dan akan menunjukkan itu untuk sebuah perusahaan dalam Bab 14.
Untuk mengevaluasi risiko likuiditas pasar industri, Anda harus memperkirakan risiko likuiditas untuk semua
perusahaan dalam industri, dan memperoleh pandangan komposit. Faktanya adalah, ada variasi substansial
dalam likuiditas pasar antara perusahaan dalam industri ini, mulai dari Walgreens dan
Walmart, yang cukup cairan untuk rantai khusus ritel kecil, yang relatif tidak likuid.
Pandangan konservatif adalah bahwa industri memiliki atas rata-rata risiko likuiditas.
Risiko nilai tukar (ERR) adalah ketidakpastian pendapatan karena perubahan dalam pertukaran
tingkat yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan-perusahaan dalam industri ini yang menjual di luar Amerika Serikat. Jumlah ERR yang
ditentukan oleh apa proporsi penjualan non-AS, bagaimana penjualan ini didistribusikan di antara
negara-negara, dan volatilitas nilai tukar untuk negara-negara ini. Risiko ini bisa berkisar dari
industri dengan penjualan internasional yang sangat terbatas (misalnya, industri jasa yang tidak terlibat
di luar negeri) untuk industri global (misalnya, bahan kimia atau industri farmasi). Untuk benar-benar global
industri, Anda perlu memeriksa distribusi penjualan antara negara-negara tertentu karena
risiko nilai tukar bervariasi antara negara-negara berdasarkan volatilitas nilai tukar dengan
AS dolar. The ERR untuk industri ritel akan relatif rendah karena penjualan dan
pendapatan bagi sebagian besar perusahaan ritel yang disebabkan aktivitas di Amerika Serikat.
Adanya risiko negara (CR) adalah juga fungsi dari proporsi penjualan asing,
negara-negara asing tertentu yang terlibat, dan stabilitas sistem politik / ekonomi di
negara-negara tersebut. Sebagaimana dicatat, ada sangat sedikit CR di Inggris dan Jepang, tetapi ada
dapat CR substansial di Cina, Rusia, dan Afrika Selatan. Sekali lagi, untuk industri ritel,
risiko negara akan relatif rendah karena penjualan asing terbatas.
Singkatnya, untuk risiko bisnis industri ritel pasti bawah rata-rata, keuangan
risiko adalah yang terbaik sama dengan pasar, risiko likuiditas atas rata-rata, dan risiko nilai tukar dan
risiko negara yang cukup rendah untuk sebagian besar perusahaan ritel. Konsensus adalah bahwa risiko fundamental untuk
industri RET harus sedikit lebih rendah daripada pasar agregat.
Risiko sistematis untuk industri ritel dihitung dengan menggunakan model pasar sebagai
berikut:
13,2% Δ Rett = αi + βið% Δ S & P 500tÞ
mana
:% Δ Rett = perubahan harga persentase indeks ritel ðRETÞ selama bulan t
αi = intersep regresi untuk industri RET
βi = ukuran risiko sistematis untuk industri RET sama dengan Covi; m = σ2
m
Untuk menurunkan perkiraan untuk industri RET, model ditentukan dijalankan dengan data bulanan
untuk periode lima tahun dari 2006 hingga 2010. Hasil regresi ini adalah sebagai berikut:
αi = 0: 008 R2 = 0:69
βi = 01:10 DW = 1: 86
t-value = 05:45 F = 68: 50
Risiko sistematis (β = 1.10) untuk industri RET adalah sedikit di atas kesatuan, menunjukkan di atas
industri risiko pasar (yaitu, risiko sedikit di atas pasar). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sistematis
risiko untuk industri ini adalah sedikit di atas perkiraan sebelumnya faktor risiko yang mendasar (BR,
FR, LR, ERR, CR).
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