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Online Annoyances and WorseThe Web provides excellent opportunities but its wideavailability combined with ingenuity have createdsome practices that range from mildly annoying tocriminally dangerous.• Spam. Spam is the term for any unsolicited commerciale-mail. The reason for spam is simple: it isthe most cost-effective marketing method. Even ifa fraction of a percent of the recipients end up purchasingthe product or service touted, the spammerprofits. Both individuals and organizationsdislike spam. Individuals have to wade through along list of unsolicited e-mail to get to usefule-mail. Organizations face an increasingly costlyburden. Consider that if spam makes up half of thee-mail the organization receives, the organizationmust employ twice the bandwidth it really needsfor communications and twice the space on e-mailservers. Obviously, it will pay twice as much asnecessary to operate an e-mail system. Spam-filtersoftware has helped to some extent, but spam isstill on the rise and still wastes resources. By someestimates, spam constitutes about 75–80 percent ofall e-mail on the Internet. About 50 percent ofspam originates in North America, 30 percent inEurope, and the rest in Asia and other regions.• Pop-Up Windows. You browse the Web, stop toread an interesting article, and a few seconds latera window pops up, partially covering the text youwere reading. The pop-up contains aniklan. Anda mencari ikon untuk menutupjendela. Hal ini tidak di tempatnya yang normal. Anda akhirnyamengelola untuk menutup jendela, tapi begitu Andalakukan, lain yang muncul. Dan seterusnya, dan sebagainya,windows lebih dan lebih. Ketika Anda akhirnya menutupjendela situs utama, Anda menemukan bahwa beberapajendela lain muncul di belakang jendela.• Adware. Semakin banyak penggunaan organisasiadware, perangkat lunak yang memberikan iklan banner ataujendela pop-up iklan di Web. Sering kali,Banner menyembunyikan bagian-bagian besar dari informasi padaHalaman. Adware sering dirancang untuk pengguna, berdasarkanpada profil mereka, seperti kepentingan sebelumnya. BeberapaPerusahaan menggunakan adware yang muncul sengaja untukmenutupi banner perusahaan bersaing yang dibayaruntuk beriklan di situs pengguna kunjungan. Pengunjungmungkin bahkan tidak tahu bahwa iklan tidak berasal daridari situs Web atau klien sah iklan,tetapi dari yang lain.• Spyware. Lebih mengganggu "ware" adalah spyware.Seperti telah dibahas dalam bab ini, spyware adalah perangkat lunakyang menggunakan koneksi Internet dari sebuah komputer untukmengirimkan informasi tentang pengguna tanpapengguna pengetahuan atau izin. Biasanya, perangkat lunakmengirimkan informasi tentang kegiatan para penggunadengan komputer mereka, termasuk mereka setiap gerakandi Internet. Itu duduk di komputer hard disk, diam-diam mengumpulkan informasi, dan mentransmisikan untukkomputer perusahaan, biasanya untuk tujuan pemasaran,but also for industrial espionage.• Phishing. A growing number of Web usersreceive a special kind of spam that intends not tosway them to buy something but to defraud them.The practice is called phishing, a play on “fishing.”Criminals send thousands of messages that look asif they were sent from a bank, a credit-card company,or any other financial institution or an organizationwhere the recipient has authority towithdraw funds. The e-mail provides a Web linkwhere the recipient is urged to go and supply personalinformation, including codes that are used towithdraw or transfer funds. One of many “reasons”is “explained” in the message: your accountmust be renewed, the bank lost your details, youshould verify your personal information or theaccount will be revoked, and many others. Thousandsof people have fallen prey to the con artists,who used the information to withdraw funds.
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