All identification procedures are d

All identification procedures are described fully in the
WHO Manual and the PHLS SOP on the identification
of corynebacteria1,9. The procedure for laboratory
diagnosis is outlined in the figure. The minimal culture
media required are blood agar, tellurite blood agar,
Tinsdale agar medium, and biochemical tests for
pyrazinamidase and, perhaps, urease hydrolysis and
nitrate reduction. The minimal laboratory criteria
required to presumptively report an isolate as
C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans are as follows:
catalase positive
urea: negative for C. diphtheriae, positive for
C. ulcerans
nitrate positive (except the biotype var belfanti)
pyrazinamidase negative
cystinase negative
The tests for pyrazinamidase (PYZ) and cystinase
(CYS) are useful for screening in order to distinguish
between the potentially toxigenic species and other
coryneforms. If screening tests are unavailable then
conventional biochemical tests should be employed
for example, urease hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, and
fermentation tests for glucose, maltose, glycogen, or
starch. The biochemical characteristics of the potentially
toxigenic corynebacteria (four biotypes of C. diphtheriae,
C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis) and other
coryneforms that may be encountered in throat or wound
specimens are described in table 3. The commonest nontoxin
producing Corynebacteria spp. that may be
encountered are C. amycolatum, C. pseudodiphtheriticum,
and C. striatum17.
Commercial identification kits identify C. diphtheriae
and C. ulcerans with a good degree of accuracy. The API
Coryne (bioMeriéux, France) was the first commercial
kit. It was launched in 1991 and is being used
increasingly by laboratories in the UK and overseas.
Although reliable for the identification of C. diphtheriae,
the kit is slightly costly but is an excellent alternative to
conventional methods.

All identification procedures are described fully in the
WHO Manual and the PHLS SOP on the identification
of corynebacteria1,9. The procedure for laboratory
diagnosis is outlined in the figure. The minimal culture
media required are blood agar, tellurite blood agar,
Tinsdale agar medium, and biochemical tests for
pyrazinamidase and, perhaps, urease hydrolysis and
nitrate reduction. The minimal laboratory criteria
required to presumptively report an isolate as
C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans are as follows:
 catalase positive
 urea: negative for C. diphtheriae, positive for
C. ulcerans
 nitrate positive (except the biotype var belfanti)
 pyrazinamidase negative
 cystinase negative
The tests for pyrazinamidase (PYZ) and cystinase
(CYS) are useful for screening in order to distinguish
between the potentially toxigenic species and other
coryneforms. If screening tests are unavailable then
conventional biochemical tests should be employed
for example, urease hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, and
fermentation tests for glucose, maltose, glycogen, or
starch. The biochemical characteristics of the potentially
toxigenic corynebacteria (four biotypes of C. diphtheriae,
C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis) and other
coryneforms that may be encountered in throat or wound
specimens are described in table 3. The commonest nontoxin
producing Corynebacteria spp. that may be
encountered are C. amycolatum, C. pseudodiphtheriticum,
and C. striatum17.
Commercial identification kits identify C. diphtheriae
and C. ulcerans with a good degree of accuracy. The API
Coryne (bioMeriéux, France) was the first commercial
kit. It was launched in 1991 and is being used
increasingly by laboratories in the UK and overseas.
Although reliable for the identification of C. diphtheriae,
the kit is slightly costly but is an excellent alternative to
conventional methods.

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All identification procedures are described fully in theWHO Manual and the PHLS SOP on the identificationof corynebacteria1,9. The procedure for laboratorydiagnosis is outlined in the figure. The minimal culturemedia required are blood agar, tellurite blood agar,Tinsdale agar medium, and biochemical tests forpyrazinamidase and, perhaps, urease hydrolysis andnitrate reduction. The minimal laboratory criteriarequired to presumptively report an isolate asC. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans are as follows: catalase positive urea: negative for C. diphtheriae, positive forC. ulcerans nitrate positive (except the biotype var belfanti) pyrazinamidase negative cystinase negativeThe tests for pyrazinamidase (PYZ) and cystinase(CYS) are useful for screening in order to distinguishbetween the potentially toxigenic species and othercoryneforms. If screening tests are unavailable thenconventional biochemical tests should be employedfor example, urease hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, andfermentation tests for glucose, maltose, glycogen, orstarch. The biochemical characteristics of the potentiallytoxigenic corynebacteria (four biotypes of C. diphtheriae,C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis) and othercoryneforms that may be encountered in throat or woundspecimens are described in table 3. The commonest nontoxinproducing Corynebacteria spp. that may beencountered are C. amycolatum, C. pseudodiphtheriticum,and C. striatum17.Commercial identification kits identify C. diphtheriaeand C. ulcerans with a good degree of accuracy. The APICoryne (bioMeriéux, France) was the first commercialkit. It was launched in 1991 and is being usedincreasingly by laboratories in the UK and overseas.Although reliable for the identification of C. diphtheriae,the kit is slightly costly but is an excellent alternative toconventional methods.

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Semua prosedur identifikasi dijelaskan sepenuhnya dalam
Pedoman WHO dan SOP PHLS pada identifikasi
dari corynebacteria1,9. Prosedur untuk laboratorium
diagnosis diuraikan dalam gambar. Budaya minimal
media yang diperlukan adalah agar darah, agar darah tellurite,
media agar Tinsdale, dan tes biokimia untuk
pyrazinamidase dan, mungkin, urease hidrolisis dan
reduksi nitrat. Kriteria laboratorium minimal
yang dibutuhkan untuk dugaan melaporkan isolat sebagai
C. diphtheriae dan C. ulcerans adalah sebagai berikut:
?? katalase positif
?? urea: negatif untuk C. diphtheriae, positif untuk
C. ulcerans
?? nitrat positif (kecuali biotipe var belfanti)
?? pyrazinamidase negatif
?? cystinase negatif
Tes untuk pyrazinamidase (PYZ) dan cystinase
(CYS) berguna untuk skrining untuk membedakan
antara spesies yang berpotensi racun yang dan lainnya
coryneforms. Jika tes skrining tidak tersedia maka
tes biokimia konvensional harus digunakan
misalnya, urease hidrolisis, reduksi nitrat, dan
tes fermentasi glukosa, maltosa, glikogen, atau
pati. Karakteristik biokimia berpotensi
corynebacteria toksigenik (empat biotipe dari C. diphtheriae,
C. ulcerans dan C. pseudotuberculosis) dan lainnya
coryneforms yang mungkin ditemui di tenggorokan atau luka
spesimen dijelaskan dalam tabel 3. umum nontoxin
memproduksi Corynebacteria spp. yang mungkin
dihadapi adalah C. amycolatum, C. pseudodiphtheriticum,
dan C. striatum17.
Commercial identifikasi kit mengidentifikasi C. diphtheriae
dan C. ulcerans dengan tingkat akurasi yang baik. API
Coryne (BIOMERIEUX, Prancis) adalah komersial pertama
kit. Ini diluncurkan pada tahun 1991 dan sedang digunakan
semakin oleh laboratorium di Inggris dan luar negeri.
Meskipun diandalkan untuk identifikasi C. diphtheriae,
kit ini sedikit mahal tetapi merupakan alternatif yang sangat baik untuk
metode konvensional.

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