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CHAPTER IIIRESEARCH METHOD3.1 Resea
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design
This research belong to descriptive research. Gay (1987:189) says that the descriptive research involves collecting data to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject. Then, Ghait (2006:14) states that descriptive research is also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Although the data is factual, accurate and systematic, the research can not be describe the cause or situations.
According Marcyk and Festinger (2005:16) descriptive method refers to process of defining, clasifying or categorizing phenomena of intevert. It useful because it can provide important information regarding the average number of a group. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristic of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer question about how, when, why the characterisitc occured, rather it addresses the “what” question.
Patricia and Hassan (2006:313) states that the description is used for frequencies average and other statistical calculation. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research is to conduct a survey investigation. Qualitative reseacrh often has the aim of description and researcher may follow-up with examinations of why the observation exist and what the implication of the findings are. This research has design to find out the students’ skill in write procedure text.
3.2 Population and Sample
1. Population
According to Gay (1987: 101), population is the group to which the researcher would like the result of the study to be generalized. The population of this research is the second year students of Ekasakti Padang in academic year 2013/2014. The researcher chose them as the population because they have studied procedural text.
Gay (1987:101) states that sampling is the process of selecting a number of individuals for a study in such a way that those individuals represent a larger group from which they are selected. The sample is only a part of the population. Gay (1987:103) adds that a good sample is representative of the population from which it is selected. So, the population of this research is the students in SMA Ekasakti Padang.
2.Sample
The selection of the subject conduct through a sampling technique. Among the available sampling techniques, the researcher use the proportional stratified random sampling technique for its practicality. Gay (1987: 114) states that for descriptive research, a sample of 10 % of the population is consider minimum. The researcher choose 40 students in second year of SMA Ekasakti Padang as sample in this research.
3.3 Instrumentation
The instrument used to collect the data in this research was writing test in the form of procedure text. It was in the form of procedure text in 90 minutes.
There were five topics that must be write by the students:
How to wash a car
How to make cheese omelet
How to play the hole game
How to cook fried rice
How to create facebook account
The students ask to write sentences into a good procedure text. It means that the students had to rewrite the sentences into a good text in the answer sheet.
The researcher do a try out of the test to the students out of the sample before giving the test. It use to test the students’ understanding toward the instruction of the test or not and to know whether the allocation of time is sufficient or not for the students (90 minutes). After she tried out the instrument to the students, the students finish the test in less than 60 minutes. Therefore, the researcher reduce the time allocation of the test into 60 minutes.
A good test might be valid and reliable. It means that a test is valid if it measures what is suppose to be measure. In order to see the validity of the test, the researcher use content validity. Arikunto (2002: 67) states that one of the characteristic of test validity is content validity. It means that, the test is valid if it fixes with the materials that have been given to the students. So, in constructing the test, it must be based on the curriculum, syllabus, and teaching materials.
Then, to see the reliability of the test, the researcher use test and retest. First, the researcher gave the test to the students. Then, after a week the researcher would retest the same students using the same question sheets. The researcher counted the coefficient correlation of two scores
In fact, after giving test and retest to the students, the researcher found the efficient correlation of the scores. It means the test was reliable and could be used as instruments for the research.
3.4 Technique of Collecting Data
The data of this research was students’ score on write procedure text. To gather the data, the researcher did the following procedures:
Content analysis : coding for pattern (i,e. Pattern recognition) accross subject
The researcher gave score based on the following criteria in table 3. 1 below:
Table 3. 1: The Criteria in Giving Score
Text Kind of Test Components Score
Procedure Text Writing test The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the eighth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the seventh sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the sixth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fifth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fourth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the third sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence and the second sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) and the first sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) was correct.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were wrong. 20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
There were 5 title of procedure texts. The highest possible score was 100 and the lowest possible score was 0.
c. The researcher counted the total score of each student.
3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data
In analyzing data, the researcher used the following procedures:
Presenting the raw score.
Calculating Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (SD)
To calculate mean and standard deviation, the researcher used the following formulas:
Where:
M = Mean
∑X = the total score of students
N = number of the sample
SD =√(〖∑x〗^2/N- {(∑x)/N}^2 )
Where:
SD = Standard Deviation
∑X = the total of X
∑X2 = the total of X2
Calculating the students’ ability into high, moderate and low ability. The researcher used criteria below:
>M + 1 SD : High ability
Between (M – 1 SD) until (M + 1 SD) : Moderate ability
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design
This research belong to descriptive research. Gay (1987:189) says that the descriptive research involves collecting data to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject. Then, Ghait (2006:14) states that descriptive research is also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Although the data is factual, accurate and systematic, the research can not be describe the cause or situations.
According Marcyk and Festinger (2005:16) descriptive method refers to process of defining, clasifying or categorizing phenomena of intevert. It useful because it can provide important information regarding the average number of a group. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristic of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer question about how, when, why the characterisitc occured, rather it addresses the “what” question.
Patricia and Hassan (2006:313) states that the description is used for frequencies average and other statistical calculation. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research is to conduct a survey investigation. Qualitative reseacrh often has the aim of description and researcher may follow-up with examinations of why the observation exist and what the implication of the findings are. This research has design to find out the students’ skill in write procedure text.
3.2 Population and Sample
1. Population
According to Gay (1987: 101), population is the group to which the researcher would like the result of the study to be generalized. The population of this research is the second year students of Ekasakti Padang in academic year 2013/2014. The researcher chose them as the population because they have studied procedural text.
Gay (1987:101) states that sampling is the process of selecting a number of individuals for a study in such a way that those individuals represent a larger group from which they are selected. The sample is only a part of the population. Gay (1987:103) adds that a good sample is representative of the population from which it is selected. So, the population of this research is the students in SMA Ekasakti Padang.
2.Sample
The selection of the subject conduct through a sampling technique. Among the available sampling techniques, the researcher use the proportional stratified random sampling technique for its practicality. Gay (1987: 114) states that for descriptive research, a sample of 10 % of the population is consider minimum. The researcher choose 40 students in second year of SMA Ekasakti Padang as sample in this research.
3.3 Instrumentation
The instrument used to collect the data in this research was writing test in the form of procedure text. It was in the form of procedure text in 90 minutes.
There were five topics that must be write by the students:
How to wash a car
How to make cheese omelet
How to play the hole game
How to cook fried rice
How to create facebook account
The students ask to write sentences into a good procedure text. It means that the students had to rewrite the sentences into a good text in the answer sheet.
The researcher do a try out of the test to the students out of the sample before giving the test. It use to test the students’ understanding toward the instruction of the test or not and to know whether the allocation of time is sufficient or not for the students (90 minutes). After she tried out the instrument to the students, the students finish the test in less than 60 minutes. Therefore, the researcher reduce the time allocation of the test into 60 minutes.
A good test might be valid and reliable. It means that a test is valid if it measures what is suppose to be measure. In order to see the validity of the test, the researcher use content validity. Arikunto (2002: 67) states that one of the characteristic of test validity is content validity. It means that, the test is valid if it fixes with the materials that have been given to the students. So, in constructing the test, it must be based on the curriculum, syllabus, and teaching materials.
Then, to see the reliability of the test, the researcher use test and retest. First, the researcher gave the test to the students. Then, after a week the researcher would retest the same students using the same question sheets. The researcher counted the coefficient correlation of two scores
In fact, after giving test and retest to the students, the researcher found the efficient correlation of the scores. It means the test was reliable and could be used as instruments for the research.
3.4 Technique of Collecting Data
The data of this research was students’ score on write procedure text. To gather the data, the researcher did the following procedures:
Content analysis : coding for pattern (i,e. Pattern recognition) accross subject
The researcher gave score based on the following criteria in table 3. 1 below:
Table 3. 1: The Criteria in Giving Score
Text Kind of Test Components Score
Procedure Text Writing test The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the eighth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the seventh sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the sixth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fifth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fourth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the third sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence and the second sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) and the first sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) was correct.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were wrong. 20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
There were 5 title of procedure texts. The highest possible score was 100 and the lowest possible score was 0.
c. The researcher counted the total score of each student.
3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data
In analyzing data, the researcher used the following procedures:
Presenting the raw score.
Calculating Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (SD)
To calculate mean and standard deviation, the researcher used the following formulas:
Where:
M = Mean
∑X = the total score of students
N = number of the sample
SD =√(〖∑x〗^2/N- {(∑x)/N}^2 )
Where:
SD = Standard Deviation
∑X = the total of X
∑X2 = the total of X2
Calculating the students’ ability into high, moderate and low ability. The researcher used criteria below:
>M + 1 SD : High ability
Between (M – 1 SD) until (M + 1 SD) : Moderate ability
0/5000
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design
This research belong to descriptive research. Gay (1987:189) says that the descriptive research involves collecting data to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject. Then, Ghait (2006:14) states that descriptive research is also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Although the data is factual, accurate and systematic, the research can not be describe the cause or situations.
According Marcyk and Festinger (2005:16) descriptive method refers to process of defining, clasifying or categorizing phenomena of intevert. It useful because it can provide important information regarding the average number of a group. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristic of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer question about how, when, why the characterisitc occured, rather it addresses the “what” question.
Patricia and Hassan (2006:313) states that the description is used for frequencies average and other statistical calculation. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research is to conduct a survey investigation. Qualitative reseacrh often has the aim of description and researcher may follow-up with examinations of why the observation exist and what the implication of the findings are. This research has design to find out the students’ skill in write procedure text.
3.2 Population and Sample
1. Population
According to Gay (1987: 101), population is the group to which the researcher would like the result of the study to be generalized. The population of this research is the second year students of Ekasakti Padang in academic year 2013/2014. The researcher chose them as the population because they have studied procedural text.
Gay (1987:101) states that sampling is the process of selecting a number of individuals for a study in such a way that those individuals represent a larger group from which they are selected. The sample is only a part of the population. Gay (1987:103) adds that a good sample is representative of the population from which it is selected. So, the population of this research is the students in SMA Ekasakti Padang.
2.Sample
The selection of the subject conduct through a sampling technique. Among the available sampling techniques, the researcher use the proportional stratified random sampling technique for its practicality. Gay (1987: 114) states that for descriptive research, a sample of 10 % of the population is consider minimum. The researcher choose 40 students in second year of SMA Ekasakti Padang as sample in this research.
3.3 Instrumentation
The instrument used to collect the data in this research was writing test in the form of procedure text. It was in the form of procedure text in 90 minutes.
There were five topics that must be write by the students:
How to wash a car
How to make cheese omelet
How to play the hole game
How to cook fried rice
How to create facebook account
The students ask to write sentences into a good procedure text. It means that the students had to rewrite the sentences into a good text in the answer sheet.
The researcher do a try out of the test to the students out of the sample before giving the test. It use to test the students’ understanding toward the instruction of the test or not and to know whether the allocation of time is sufficient or not for the students (90 minutes). After she tried out the instrument to the students, the students finish the test in less than 60 minutes. Therefore, the researcher reduce the time allocation of the test into 60 minutes.
A good test might be valid and reliable. It means that a test is valid if it measures what is suppose to be measure. In order to see the validity of the test, the researcher use content validity. Arikunto (2002: 67) states that one of the characteristic of test validity is content validity. It means that, the test is valid if it fixes with the materials that have been given to the students. So, in constructing the test, it must be based on the curriculum, syllabus, and teaching materials.
Then, to see the reliability of the test, the researcher use test and retest. First, the researcher gave the test to the students. Then, after a week the researcher would retest the same students using the same question sheets. The researcher counted the coefficient correlation of two scores
In fact, after giving test and retest to the students, the researcher found the efficient correlation of the scores. It means the test was reliable and could be used as instruments for the research.
3.4 Technique of Collecting Data
The data of this research was students’ score on write procedure text. To gather the data, the researcher did the following procedures:
Content analysis : coding for pattern (i,e. Pattern recognition) accross subject
The researcher gave score based on the following criteria in table 3. 1 below:
Table 3. 1: The Criteria in Giving Score
Text Kind of Test Components Score
Procedure Text Writing test The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the eighth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the seventh sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the sixth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fifth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fourth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the third sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence and the second sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) and the first sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) was correct.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were wrong. 20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
There were 5 title of procedure texts. The highest possible score was 100 and the lowest possible score was 0.
c. The researcher counted the total score of each student.
3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data
In analyzing data, the researcher used the following procedures:
Presenting the raw score.
Calculating Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (SD)
To calculate mean and standard deviation, the researcher used the following formulas:
Where:
M = Mean
∑X = the total score of students
N = number of the sample
SD =√(〖∑x〗^2/N- {(∑x)/N}^2 )
Where:
SD = Standard Deviation
∑X = the total of X
∑X2 = the total of X2
Calculating the students’ ability into high, moderate and low ability. The researcher used criteria below:
>M + 1 SD : High ability
Between (M – 1 SD) until (M + 1 SD) : Moderate ability
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design
This research belong to descriptive research. Gay (1987:189) says that the descriptive research involves collecting data to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject. Then, Ghait (2006:14) states that descriptive research is also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Although the data is factual, accurate and systematic, the research can not be describe the cause or situations.
According Marcyk and Festinger (2005:16) descriptive method refers to process of defining, clasifying or categorizing phenomena of intevert. It useful because it can provide important information regarding the average number of a group. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristic of a population or phenomenon being studied. It does not answer question about how, when, why the characterisitc occured, rather it addresses the “what” question.
Patricia and Hassan (2006:313) states that the description is used for frequencies average and other statistical calculation. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research is to conduct a survey investigation. Qualitative reseacrh often has the aim of description and researcher may follow-up with examinations of why the observation exist and what the implication of the findings are. This research has design to find out the students’ skill in write procedure text.
3.2 Population and Sample
1. Population
According to Gay (1987: 101), population is the group to which the researcher would like the result of the study to be generalized. The population of this research is the second year students of Ekasakti Padang in academic year 2013/2014. The researcher chose them as the population because they have studied procedural text.
Gay (1987:101) states that sampling is the process of selecting a number of individuals for a study in such a way that those individuals represent a larger group from which they are selected. The sample is only a part of the population. Gay (1987:103) adds that a good sample is representative of the population from which it is selected. So, the population of this research is the students in SMA Ekasakti Padang.
2.Sample
The selection of the subject conduct through a sampling technique. Among the available sampling techniques, the researcher use the proportional stratified random sampling technique for its practicality. Gay (1987: 114) states that for descriptive research, a sample of 10 % of the population is consider minimum. The researcher choose 40 students in second year of SMA Ekasakti Padang as sample in this research.
3.3 Instrumentation
The instrument used to collect the data in this research was writing test in the form of procedure text. It was in the form of procedure text in 90 minutes.
There were five topics that must be write by the students:
How to wash a car
How to make cheese omelet
How to play the hole game
How to cook fried rice
How to create facebook account
The students ask to write sentences into a good procedure text. It means that the students had to rewrite the sentences into a good text in the answer sheet.
The researcher do a try out of the test to the students out of the sample before giving the test. It use to test the students’ understanding toward the instruction of the test or not and to know whether the allocation of time is sufficient or not for the students (90 minutes). After she tried out the instrument to the students, the students finish the test in less than 60 minutes. Therefore, the researcher reduce the time allocation of the test into 60 minutes.
A good test might be valid and reliable. It means that a test is valid if it measures what is suppose to be measure. In order to see the validity of the test, the researcher use content validity. Arikunto (2002: 67) states that one of the characteristic of test validity is content validity. It means that, the test is valid if it fixes with the materials that have been given to the students. So, in constructing the test, it must be based on the curriculum, syllabus, and teaching materials.
Then, to see the reliability of the test, the researcher use test and retest. First, the researcher gave the test to the students. Then, after a week the researcher would retest the same students using the same question sheets. The researcher counted the coefficient correlation of two scores
In fact, after giving test and retest to the students, the researcher found the efficient correlation of the scores. It means the test was reliable and could be used as instruments for the research.
3.4 Technique of Collecting Data
The data of this research was students’ score on write procedure text. To gather the data, the researcher did the following procedures:
Content analysis : coding for pattern (i,e. Pattern recognition) accross subject
The researcher gave score based on the following criteria in table 3. 1 below:
Table 3. 1: The Criteria in Giving Score
Text Kind of Test Components Score
Procedure Text Writing test The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the eighth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the seventh sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the sixth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fifth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the fourth sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the third sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title), the first sentence and the second sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) and the first sentence were write correctly.
The purpose (title) was correct.
The purpose (title), the first sentence until the ninth sentence were wrong. 20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
There were 5 title of procedure texts. The highest possible score was 100 and the lowest possible score was 0.
c. The researcher counted the total score of each student.
3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data
In analyzing data, the researcher used the following procedures:
Presenting the raw score.
Calculating Mean (M) and Standard Deviation (SD)
To calculate mean and standard deviation, the researcher used the following formulas:
Where:
M = Mean
∑X = the total score of students
N = number of the sample
SD =√(〖∑x〗^2/N- {(∑x)/N}^2 )
Where:
SD = Standard Deviation
∑X = the total of X
∑X2 = the total of X2
Calculating the students’ ability into high, moderate and low ability. The researcher used criteria below:
>M + 1 SD : High ability
Between (M – 1 SD) until (M + 1 SD) : Moderate ability
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
BAB III
METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Desain Penelitian Penelitian ini milik deskriptif penelitian. Gay (1987: 189) mengatakan bahwa penelitian deskriptif mencakup pengumpulan data untuk menjawab pertanyaan mengenai status subjek. Kemudian, Ghait (2006: 14) menyatakan bahwa penelitian deskriptif juga dikenal sebagai penelitian statistik, menjelaskan data dan karakteristik mengenai populasi atau fenomena yang dipelajari. Meskipun data yang faktual, akurat dan sistematis, penelitian tidak dapat menjelaskan penyebab atau situasi. Menurut Marcyk dan Festinger (2005: 16) metode deskriptif mengacu pada proses mendefinisikan, clasifying atau mengkategorikan fenomena intevert. Ini berguna karena dapat memberikan informasi penting mengenai jumlah rata-rata kelompok. Penelitian deskriptif digunakan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik populasi atau fenomena yang dipelajari. Ini tidak menjawab pertanyaan tentang bagaimana, kapan, mengapa characterisitc yang terjadi, melainkan membahas "apa" pertanyaan. Patricia dan Hassan (2006: 313) menyatakan bahwa deskripsi digunakan untuk frekuensi rata-rata dan perhitungan statistik lainnya. Seringkali pendekatan yang terbaik, sebelum menulis penelitian deskriptif adalah untuk melakukan investigasi survei. Reseacrh kualitatif sering memiliki tujuan deskripsi dan peneliti dapat menindaklanjuti dengan pemeriksaan mengapa pengamatan ada dan apa implikasi dari temuan. Penelitian ini memiliki desain untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam teks procedure tulis. 3.2 Populasi dan Sampel 1. Penduduk Menurut Gay (1987: 101), populasi adalah kelompok yang peneliti ingin hasil penelitian untuk digeneralisasi. Populasi penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa tahun kedua Ekasakti Padang pada tahun akademik 2013/2014. Peneliti memilih mereka sebagai penduduk karena mereka telah mempelajari teks prosedural. Gay (1987: 101) menyatakan bahwa pengambilan sampel adalah proses pemilihan sejumlah individu untuk studi di sedemikian rupa sehingga orang-orang mewakili kelompok yang lebih besar dari yang mereka dipilih. Sampel adalah hanya sebagian dari populasi. Gay (1987: 103) menambahkan bahwa sampel yang baik merupakan perwakilan dari populasi yang dipilih. Jadi, populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa di SMA Ekasakti Padang. 2.Sample Pemilihan perilaku subjek melalui teknik sampling. Di antara teknik pengambilan sampel yang tersedia, peneliti menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling proporsional untuk kepraktisan. Gay (1987: 114) menyatakan bahwa untuk penelitian deskriptif, sampel 10% dari populasi adalah mempertimbangkan minimum. Peneliti memilih 40 siswa di tahun kedua SMA Ekasakti Padang sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. 3.3 Instrumentasi Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah tes tertulis dalam bentuk teks prosedur. Itu dalam bentuk teks prosedur dalam 90 menit. Ada lima topik yang harus menulis dengan siswa: Cara mencuci mobil Bagaimana membuat telur dadar keju Cara bermain game lubang Cara memasak nasi goreng Cara membuat akun facebook Para siswa meminta untuk menulis kalimat dalam teks prosedur yang baik. Ini berarti bahwa siswa harus menulis ulang kalimat menjadi teks yang baik dalam lembar jawaban. Peneliti melakukan try out dari tes untuk siswa dari sampel sebelum memberikan tes. Ini digunakan untuk menguji pemahaman siswa terhadap instruksi dari tes atau tidak dan untuk mengetahui apakah alokasi waktu yang cukup atau tidak untuk mahasiswa (90 menit). Setelah dia mencoba instrumen untuk siswa, siswa menyelesaikan tes dalam waktu kurang dari 60 menit. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mengurangi alokasi waktu ujian menjadi 60 menit. Tes yang baik mungkin valid dan reliabel. Ini berarti bahwa tes adalah valid jika mengukur apa yang mengira menjadi ukuran. Untuk melihat validitas tes, peneliti menggunakan validitas isi. Arikunto (2002: 67) menyatakan bahwa salah satu ciri dari validitas uji validitas isi. Artinya, tes ini berlaku jika perbaikan dengan materi yang telah diberikan kepada mahasiswa. Jadi, dalam membangun tes, itu harus didasarkan pada kurikulum, silabus, dan bahan ajar. Kemudian, untuk melihat keandalan tes, tes peneliti menggunakan tes ulang dan. Pertama, peneliti memberikan tes kepada siswa. Kemudian, setelah seminggu peneliti akan menguji siswa yang sama dengan menggunakan lembar pertanyaan yang sama. Peneliti menghitung koefisien korelasi dari dua nilai Bahkan, setelah memberikan tes dan tes ulang kepada siswa, peneliti menemukan korelasi efisien skor. Ini berarti tes itu dapat diandalkan dan dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk penelitian. 3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data Data penelitian ini adalah nilai siswa pada teks procedure tulis. Untuk mengumpulkan data, peneliti melakukan prosedur berikut: Analisis isi: coding untuk pola (. i, e pengenalan pola) accross subjek Peneliti memberi skor berdasarkan kriteria berikut dalam tabel 3. 1 di bawah ini: Tabel 3. 1: The Kriteria dalam Pemberian Skor Teks Jenis Uji Komponen Skor tes Prosedur Menulis Teks Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat kesembilan yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat kedelapan yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuannya (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat ketujuh yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat keenam yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat kelima adalah menulis dengan benar. The Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat keempat yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat ketiga yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama dan kalimat kedua adalah menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul) dan kalimat pertama yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul) adalah benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat kesembilan salah. 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Ada 5 judul teks prosedur. Skor tertinggi mungkin adalah 100 dan skor terendah adalah 0. c. Peneliti menghitung skor total masing-masing siswa. 3,5 Teknik Analisis data Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan prosedur berikut: . Menyajikan skor mentah Menghitung mean (M) dan Standar Deviasi (SD) Untuk menghitung deviasi mean dan standar, peneliti menggunakan rumus berikut: Dimana: M = mean ΣX = skor total siswa N = jumlah sampel SD = √ (〖Σx〗 ^ 2 / N {(Σx) / N} ^ 2) Dimana : SD = Standar Deviasi ΣX = total X ΣX2 = total X2 Menghitung kemampuan siswa dalam kemampuan tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Peneliti menggunakan kriteria di bawah: > M + 1 SD: kemampuan tinggi Antara (M - 1 SD) sampai (M + 1 SD): kemampuan Moderat
METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Desain Penelitian Penelitian ini milik deskriptif penelitian. Gay (1987: 189) mengatakan bahwa penelitian deskriptif mencakup pengumpulan data untuk menjawab pertanyaan mengenai status subjek. Kemudian, Ghait (2006: 14) menyatakan bahwa penelitian deskriptif juga dikenal sebagai penelitian statistik, menjelaskan data dan karakteristik mengenai populasi atau fenomena yang dipelajari. Meskipun data yang faktual, akurat dan sistematis, penelitian tidak dapat menjelaskan penyebab atau situasi. Menurut Marcyk dan Festinger (2005: 16) metode deskriptif mengacu pada proses mendefinisikan, clasifying atau mengkategorikan fenomena intevert. Ini berguna karena dapat memberikan informasi penting mengenai jumlah rata-rata kelompok. Penelitian deskriptif digunakan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik populasi atau fenomena yang dipelajari. Ini tidak menjawab pertanyaan tentang bagaimana, kapan, mengapa characterisitc yang terjadi, melainkan membahas "apa" pertanyaan. Patricia dan Hassan (2006: 313) menyatakan bahwa deskripsi digunakan untuk frekuensi rata-rata dan perhitungan statistik lainnya. Seringkali pendekatan yang terbaik, sebelum menulis penelitian deskriptif adalah untuk melakukan investigasi survei. Reseacrh kualitatif sering memiliki tujuan deskripsi dan peneliti dapat menindaklanjuti dengan pemeriksaan mengapa pengamatan ada dan apa implikasi dari temuan. Penelitian ini memiliki desain untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam teks procedure tulis. 3.2 Populasi dan Sampel 1. Penduduk Menurut Gay (1987: 101), populasi adalah kelompok yang peneliti ingin hasil penelitian untuk digeneralisasi. Populasi penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa tahun kedua Ekasakti Padang pada tahun akademik 2013/2014. Peneliti memilih mereka sebagai penduduk karena mereka telah mempelajari teks prosedural. Gay (1987: 101) menyatakan bahwa pengambilan sampel adalah proses pemilihan sejumlah individu untuk studi di sedemikian rupa sehingga orang-orang mewakili kelompok yang lebih besar dari yang mereka dipilih. Sampel adalah hanya sebagian dari populasi. Gay (1987: 103) menambahkan bahwa sampel yang baik merupakan perwakilan dari populasi yang dipilih. Jadi, populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa di SMA Ekasakti Padang. 2.Sample Pemilihan perilaku subjek melalui teknik sampling. Di antara teknik pengambilan sampel yang tersedia, peneliti menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling proporsional untuk kepraktisan. Gay (1987: 114) menyatakan bahwa untuk penelitian deskriptif, sampel 10% dari populasi adalah mempertimbangkan minimum. Peneliti memilih 40 siswa di tahun kedua SMA Ekasakti Padang sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. 3.3 Instrumentasi Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah tes tertulis dalam bentuk teks prosedur. Itu dalam bentuk teks prosedur dalam 90 menit. Ada lima topik yang harus menulis dengan siswa: Cara mencuci mobil Bagaimana membuat telur dadar keju Cara bermain game lubang Cara memasak nasi goreng Cara membuat akun facebook Para siswa meminta untuk menulis kalimat dalam teks prosedur yang baik. Ini berarti bahwa siswa harus menulis ulang kalimat menjadi teks yang baik dalam lembar jawaban. Peneliti melakukan try out dari tes untuk siswa dari sampel sebelum memberikan tes. Ini digunakan untuk menguji pemahaman siswa terhadap instruksi dari tes atau tidak dan untuk mengetahui apakah alokasi waktu yang cukup atau tidak untuk mahasiswa (90 menit). Setelah dia mencoba instrumen untuk siswa, siswa menyelesaikan tes dalam waktu kurang dari 60 menit. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mengurangi alokasi waktu ujian menjadi 60 menit. Tes yang baik mungkin valid dan reliabel. Ini berarti bahwa tes adalah valid jika mengukur apa yang mengira menjadi ukuran. Untuk melihat validitas tes, peneliti menggunakan validitas isi. Arikunto (2002: 67) menyatakan bahwa salah satu ciri dari validitas uji validitas isi. Artinya, tes ini berlaku jika perbaikan dengan materi yang telah diberikan kepada mahasiswa. Jadi, dalam membangun tes, itu harus didasarkan pada kurikulum, silabus, dan bahan ajar. Kemudian, untuk melihat keandalan tes, tes peneliti menggunakan tes ulang dan. Pertama, peneliti memberikan tes kepada siswa. Kemudian, setelah seminggu peneliti akan menguji siswa yang sama dengan menggunakan lembar pertanyaan yang sama. Peneliti menghitung koefisien korelasi dari dua nilai Bahkan, setelah memberikan tes dan tes ulang kepada siswa, peneliti menemukan korelasi efisien skor. Ini berarti tes itu dapat diandalkan dan dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen untuk penelitian. 3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data Data penelitian ini adalah nilai siswa pada teks procedure tulis. Untuk mengumpulkan data, peneliti melakukan prosedur berikut: Analisis isi: coding untuk pola (. i, e pengenalan pola) accross subjek Peneliti memberi skor berdasarkan kriteria berikut dalam tabel 3. 1 di bawah ini: Tabel 3. 1: The Kriteria dalam Pemberian Skor Teks Jenis Uji Komponen Skor tes Prosedur Menulis Teks Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat kesembilan yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat kedelapan yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuannya (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat ketujuh yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat keenam yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat kelima adalah menulis dengan benar. The Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat keempat yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat ketiga yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama dan kalimat kedua adalah menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul) dan kalimat pertama yang menulis dengan benar. Tujuan (judul) adalah benar. Tujuan (judul), kalimat pertama sampai kalimat kesembilan salah. 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Ada 5 judul teks prosedur. Skor tertinggi mungkin adalah 100 dan skor terendah adalah 0. c. Peneliti menghitung skor total masing-masing siswa. 3,5 Teknik Analisis data Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan prosedur berikut: . Menyajikan skor mentah Menghitung mean (M) dan Standar Deviasi (SD) Untuk menghitung deviasi mean dan standar, peneliti menggunakan rumus berikut: Dimana: M = mean ΣX = skor total siswa N = jumlah sampel SD = √ (〖Σx〗 ^ 2 / N {(Σx) / N} ^ 2) Dimana : SD = Standar Deviasi ΣX = total X ΣX2 = total X2 Menghitung kemampuan siswa dalam kemampuan tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Peneliti menggunakan kriteria di bawah: > M + 1 SD: kemampuan tinggi Antara (M - 1 SD) sampai (M + 1 SD): kemampuan Moderat
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