Aristotle saw the function of rheto

Aristotle saw the function of rhetoricas the discovery in each case of “the available means of persuasion.” He never spelled out what he meant by persuasion,
but his concern with noncoercive methods makes it clear that he ruled out force
of law, torture, and war. His threefold classifi cation of speech situations according to the nature of the audience shows that he had affairs of state in mind.
The first in Aristotle’s classifi cation is courtroom (forensic) speaking, which
addresses judges who are trying to render a just decision about actions alleged to
have taken place in the past.The closing arguments presented by the prosecution
and defense in the corruption trial of former Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich are
examples of judicial rhetoric centered on guilt or innocence. The second, ceremonial (epideictic) speaking, heaps praise or blame on another for the benefit of
present-dayaudiences. For example, Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg Address
in order to honor “the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here.” But his
ultimate purpose was to inspire listeners to persevere in their fi ght to preserve the
Union. The third, political (deliberative) speaking, attempts to influence legislators
or voters who decide futurepolicy. The 2008 presidential debates gave Barack
Obama and John McCain a chance to sway undecided voters. These different
temporal orientations could call for diverse rhetorical appeals.
Because his students were familiar with the question-and-answer style of
Socratic dialogue, Aristotle classified rhetoric as a counterpart or an offshoot of
dialectic. Dialectic is one-on-one discussion; rhetoric is one person addressing
many. Dialectic is a search for truth; rhetoric tries to demonstrate truth that’s
already been found. Dialectic answers general philosophical questions; rhetoric
addresses specific, practical ones. Dialectic deals with certainty; rhetoric deals
with probability. Aristotle saw this last distinction as particularly important:
Rhetoric is the art of discovering ways to make truth seem more probable to an
audience that isn’t completely convinced.

Aristotle saw the function of rhetoricas the discovery in each case of “the available means of persuasion.” He never spelled out what he meant by persuasion, 
but his concern with noncoercive methods makes it clear that he ruled out force 
of law, torture, and war. His threefold classifi cation of speech situations according to the nature of the audience shows that he had affairs of state in mind. 
 The first in Aristotle’s classifi cation is courtroom (forensic) speaking, which 
addresses judges who are trying to render a just decision about actions alleged to 
have taken place in the past.The closing arguments presented by the prosecution 
and defense in the corruption trial of former Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich are 
examples of judicial rhetoric centered on guilt or innocence. The second, ceremonial (epideictic) speaking, heaps praise or blame on another for the benefit of 
present-dayaudiences. For example, Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg Address 
in order to honor “the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here.” But his 
ultimate purpose was to inspire listeners to persevere in their fi ght to preserve the 
Union. The third, political (deliberative) speaking, attempts to influence legislators 
or voters who decide futurepolicy. The 2008 presidential debates gave Barack 
Obama and John McCain a chance to sway undecided voters. These different 
temporal orientations could call for diverse rhetorical appeals. 
 Because his students were familiar with the question-and-answer style of 
Socratic dialogue, Aristotle classified rhetoric as a counterpart or an offshoot of 
dialectic. Dialectic is one-on-one discussion; rhetoric is one person addressing 
many. Dialectic is a search for truth; rhetoric tries to demonstrate truth that’s 
already been found. Dialectic answers general philosophical questions; rhetoric 
addresses specific, practical ones. Dialectic deals with certainty; rhetoric deals 
with probability. Aristotle saw this last distinction as particularly important: 
Rhetoric is the art of discovering ways to make truth seem more probable to an 
audience that isn’t completely convinced.

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Aristotle melihat fungsi rhetoricas penemuan di dalam setiap kes "-apa yang terdapat pujukan." Dia tidak pernah dinyatakan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan pujukan,
tetapi keprihatinan beliau dengan kaedah noncoercive menjelaskan bahawa beliau menolak kuasa
undang-undang, penyeksaan, dan perang. Beliau kation tiga kali ganda Pengelasan situasi ucapan mengikut sifat penonton menunjukkan bahawa dia mempunyai hal ehwal negeri dalam fikiran.
Yang pertama di Pengelasan kation Aristotle adalah mahkamah (forensik) bercakap, yang
menangani hakim yang cuba untuk menjadikan keputusan hanya kira-kira tindakan didakwa
telah berlaku dalam past.The hujah penutup dibentangkan oleh pihak pendakwaan
dan pembelaan dalam perbicaraan kes rasuah bekas Gabenor Illinois Rod Blagojevich adalah
contoh retorik kehakiman tertumpu kepada bersalah atau tidak bersalah. Kedua, upacara (epideictic) bercakap, timbunan pujian atau salah kepada yang lain untuk faedah
masa kini dayaudiences. Sebagai contoh, Lincoln memberi Gettysburg Alamat yang terkenal
untuk menghormati "orang-orang yang gagah perkasa, yang hidup dan mati, yang berjuang di sini." Tetapi beliau
tujuan utama ialah untuk memberi inspirasi kepada pendengar untuk tabah dalam GHT fi mereka untuk mengekalkan
Kesatuan. Ketiga, politik (biasanya) bercakap, cuba untuk mempengaruhi undang-undang
atau pengundi yang membuat keputusan futurepolicy. 2008 debat presiden memberi Barack
Obama dan John McCain peluang untuk mempengaruhi pengundi belum membuat keputusan. Ini berbeza
orientasi duniawi boleh memanggil untuk pelbagai rayuan retorik.
Oleh kerana murid-muridnya sudah biasa dengan gaya soalan-dan-jawapan daripada
dialog Socrates, Aristotle dikelaskan retorik sebagai rakan atau cabang dari
dialektik. Dialektik adalah perbincangan satu-satu; retorik adalah seorang menangani
banyak. Dialektik adalah mencari kebenaran; retorik cuba untuk menunjukkan kebenaran yang yang
telah dijumpai. Jawapan soalan falsafah dialektik umum; retorik
alamat tertentu, yang praktikal. Tawaran dialektik dengan pasti; retorik berkaitan
dengan kebarangkalian. Aristotle melihat perbezaan terakhir ini sebagai penting:
Retorik ialah seni menemui cara untuk membuat benar kelihatan lebih berkemungkinan untuk seorang
penonton yang tidak benar-benar yakin.

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