KEY TERMSSSSsole proprietorship (106)unlimited liability (108)partners terjemahan - KEY TERMSSSSsole proprietorship (106)unlimited liability (108)partners Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

KEY TERMSSSSsole proprietorship (10

KEY TERMSSSS

sole proprietorship (106)
unlimited liability (108)
partnership (110)
general partner (110)
limited partner (110)
master limited partnership
(MLP) (111)
corporation (115)
stock (115)
stockholder (115)
closed corporation (115)
open corporation (115)
domestic corporation (116)
foreign corporation (116)
alien corporation (116)
common stock (116)
preferred stock (116)
dividend (117)
proxy (117)
board of directors (117)
corporate officers (118)
limited liability (119)
S-corporation (121)
limited-liability company
(LLC ) (121)
not-for-profit corporation
(122)
cooperative (123)
joint venture (123)
syndicate (123)
merger (124)
hostile takeover (124)
tender offer (124)
proxy fight (125)

1. W hat is a sole proprietorship? What are the major advantages
and disadvantages of this form of business ownership?
2. H ow does a partnership differ from a sole proprietorship?
Which disadvantages of sole proprietorship does the partnership
tend to eliminate or reduce?
3. W hat is the difference between a general partner and a limited
partner?
4. W hat issues should be included in a partnership agreement?
Why?
5. E xplain the difference between
a. an open corporation and a closed corporation.
b. a domestic corporation, a foreign corporation, and an
alien corporation.
6. O utline the incorporation process, and describe the basic
corporate structure.
7. W hat rights do stockholders have?
8. W hat are the primary duties of a corporation’s board of
directors? How are directors selected?
9. W hat are the major advantages and disadvantages associated
with the corporate form of business ownership?
10. H ow do an S-corporation and a limited-liability company differ?
11. W hy are not-for-profit corporations and cooperatives
formed? Explain how they operate.
12. I n what ways are joint ventures and syndicates alike? In what
ways do they differ?
13. W hat is a hostile takeover? How is it related to a tender offer
and a proxy fight?
14. D escribe the three types of mergers.
Review Questions
........................

sole proprietorship a business
that is owned (and usually
operated) by one person

unlimited liability a legal concept
that holds a business owner
personally responsible for all the
debts of the business

partnership a voluntary
association of two or more
persons to act as co-owners of a
business for profit
general partner a person
who assumes full or shared
responsibility for operating a
business
limited partner a person who
invests money in a business but
has no management responsibility
or liability for losses beyond the
amount he or she invested in the
partnership

master limited partnership
(MLP) a limited partnership that
has units of ownership that can
be traded on security exchanges
much like shares of ownership in a
corporation

corporation an artificial person
created by law with most of the
legal rights of a real person,
including the rights to start and
operate a business, to buy or sell
property, to borrow money, to
sue or be sued, and to enter into
binding contracts
stock the shares of ownership of
a corporation
stockholder a person who owns
a corporation’s stock
closed corporation a
corporation whose stock is owned
by relatively few people and is not
sold to the general public
open corporation a corporation
whose stock can be bought and
sold by any individual

domestic corporation a
corporation in the state in which it
is incorporated
foreign corporation a
corporation in any state in which
it does business except the one in
which it is incorporated
alien corporation a corporation
chartered by a foreign government
and conducting business in the
United States
common stock stock owned
by individuals or firms who may
vote on corporate matters but
whose claims on profits and assets
are subordinate to the claims of
others
preferred stock stock owned by
individuals or firms who usually do
not have voting rights but whose
claims on dividends are paid
before those of common-stock
owners

dividend a distribution of
earnings to the stockholders of a
corporation
proxy a legal form listing issues
to be decided at a stockholders’
meeting and enabling stockholders
to transfer their voting rights
to some other individual or
individuals
board of directors the top
governing body of a corporation,
the members of which are elected
by the stockholders

corporate officers the chairman
of the board, president, executive
vice presidents, corporate
secretary, treasurer, and any other
top executive appointed by the
board of directors

limited liability a feature of
corporate ownership that limits
each owner’s financial liability to
the amount of money that he or
she has paid for the corporation’s
stock

S-corporation a corporation
that is taxed as though it were a
partnership
limited-liability company
(LLC) a form of business
ownership that combines the
benefits of a corporation and
a partnership while avoiding
some of the restrictions and
disadvantages of those forms of
ownership

not-for-profit corporation a
corporation organized to provide
a social, educational, religious, or
other service rather than to earn a
profit

cooperative an association of
individuals or firms whose purpose
is to perform some business
function for its members
joint venture an agreement
between two or more groups to
form a business entity in order
to achieve a specific goal or to
operate for a specific period of
time
syndicate a temporary
association of individuals or firms
organized to perform a specific
task that requires a large amount
of capital

merger the purchase of one
corporation by another
hostile takeover a situation in
which the management and board
of directors of a firm targeted
for acquisition disapprove of the
merger
tender offer an offer to
purchase the stock of a firm
targeted for acquisition at a
price just high enough to tempt
stockholders to sell their shares
proxy fight a technique used to
gather enough stockholder votes
to control a targeted company


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KEY TERMSSSSsole proprietorship (106)unlimited liability (108)partnership (110)general partner (110)limited partner (110)master limited partnership(MLP) (111)corporation (115)stock (115)stockholder (115)closed corporation (115)open corporation (115)domestic corporation (116)foreign corporation (116)alien corporation (116)common stock (116)preferred stock (116)dividend (117)proxy (117)board of directors (117)corporate officers (118)limited liability (119)S-corporation (121)limited-liability company(LLC ) (121)not-for-profit corporation(122)cooperative (123)joint venture (123)syndicate (123)merger (124)hostile takeover (124)tender offer (124)proxy fight (125)1. W hat is a sole proprietorship? What are the major advantagesand disadvantages of this form of business ownership?2. H ow does a partnership differ from a sole proprietorship?Which disadvantages of sole proprietorship does the partnershiptend to eliminate or reduce?3. W hat is the difference between a general partner and a limitedpartner?4. W hat issues should be included in a partnership agreement?Why?5. E xplain the difference betweena. an open corporation and a closed corporation.b. a domestic corporation, a foreign corporation, and analien corporation.6. O utline the incorporation process, and describe the basiccorporate structure.7. W hat rights do stockholders have?8. W hat are the primary duties of a corporation’s board ofdirectors? How are directors selected?9. W hat are the major advantages and disadvantages associatedwith the corporate form of business ownership?10. H ow do an S-corporation and a limited-liability company differ?11. W hy are not-for-profit corporations and cooperativesformed? Explain how they operate.12. I n what ways are joint ventures and syndicates alike? In whatways do they differ?13. W hat is a hostile takeover? How is it related to a tender offerand a proxy fight?14. D escribe the three types of mergers.Review Questions........................sole proprietorship a businessthat is owned (and usuallyoperated) by one personunlimited liability a legal conceptthat holds a business ownerpersonally responsible for all thedebts of the businesspartnership a voluntaryassociation of two or morepersons to act as co-owners of abusiness for profitgeneral partner a personwho assumes full or sharedresponsibility for operating abusinesslimited partner a person whoinvests money in a business buthas no management responsibilityor liability for losses beyond theamount he or she invested in thepartnershipmaster limited partnership(MLP) a limited partnership thathas units of ownership that canbe traded on security exchangesmuch like shares of ownership in acorporationcorporation an artificial personcreated by law with most of thelegal rights of a real person,including the rights to start andoperate a business, to buy or sellproperty, to borrow money, tosue or be sued, and to enter intobinding contractsstock the shares of ownership ofa corporationstockholder a person who ownsa corporation’s stockclosed corporation acorporation whose stock is ownedby relatively few people and is notsold to the general publicopen corporation a corporationwhose stock can be bought andsold by any individualdomestic corporation acorporation in the state in which itis incorporatedforeign corporation acorporation in any state in whichit does business except the one inwhich it is incorporatedalien corporation a corporationchartered by a foreign governmentand conducting business in theUnited Statescommon stock stock ownedby individuals or firms who mayvote on corporate matters butwhose claims on profits and assetsare subordinate to the claims ofotherspreferred stock stock owned byindividuals or firms who usually donot have voting rights but whoseclaims on dividends are paidbefore those of common-stockownersdividend a distribution ofearnings to the stockholders of acorporationproxy a legal form listing issuesto be decided at a stockholders’meeting and enabling stockholdersto transfer their voting rightsto some other individual orindividualsboard of directors the topgoverning body of a corporation,the members of which are electedby the stockholderscorporate officers the chairmanof the board, president, executivevice presidents, corporatesecretary, treasurer, and any othertop executive appointed by theboard of directorslimited liability a feature ofcorporate ownership that limitseach owner’s financial liability tothe amount of money that he orshe has paid for the corporation’sstockS-corporation a corporationthat is taxed as though it were apartnershiplimited-liability company(LLC) a form of businessownership that combines thebenefits of a corporation anda partnership while avoidingsome of the restrictions anddisadvantages of those forms ofownershipnot-for-profit corporation acorporation organized to providea social, educational, religious, orother service rather than to earn aprofitcooperative an association ofindividuals or firms whose purposeis to perform some businessfunction for its membersjoint venture an agreementbetween two or more groups toform a business entity in orderto achieve a specific goal or tooperate for a specific period oftimesyndicate a temporaryassociation of individuals or firmsorganized to perform a specifictask that requires a large amountof capitalmerger the purchase of onecorporation by anotherhostile takeover a situation inwhich the management and boardof directors of a firm targetedfor acquisition disapprove of themergertender offer an offer topurchase the stock of a firmtargeted for acquisition at aprice just high enough to temptstockholders to sell their sharesproxy fight a technique used togather enough stockholder votesto control a targeted company
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TERMSSSS KEY kepemilikan tunggal (106) kewajiban yang tidak terbatas (108) kemitraan (110) mitra umum (110) mitra terbatas (110) Master kemitraan terbatas (MLP) (111) corporation (115) saham (115) pemegang saham (115) ditutup korporasi ( 115) perusahaan terbuka (115) perusahaan domestik (116) perusahaan asing (116) korporasi asing (116) saham biasa (116) saham preferen (116) dividen (117) proxy (117) dewan direksi (117) pejabat perusahaan (118 ) terbatas (119) S-corporation (121) perusahaan terbatas-kewajiban (LLC) (121) tidak-untuk-keuntungan perusahaan (122) koperasi (123) usaha patungan (123) sindikat (123) merger (124) pengambilalihan bermusuhan (124) penawaran tender (124) melawan proxy (125) 1. Topi W adalah kepemilikan tunggal? Apa keuntungan utama dan kerugian dari bentuk kepemilikan bisnis? 2. H ow tidak kemitraan berbeda dari kepemilikan tunggal? Kerugian Manakah dari kepemilikan tunggal tidak kemitraan cenderung untuk menghilangkan atau mengurangi? 3. Topi W adalah perbedaan antara mitra umum dan terbatas mitra? 4. Masalah hat W harus dimasukkan dalam perjanjian kemitraan? Kenapa? 5. E xplain perbedaan antara a. sebuah perusahaan terbuka dan perusahaan tertutup. b. sebuah perusahaan domestik, perusahaan asing, dan perusahaan asing. 6. O utline proses penggabungan, dan menggambarkan dasar struktur perusahaan. 7. Hak hat W lakukan pemegang miliki? 8. W topi adalah tugas utama dari papan korporasi dari direksi? Bagaimana direksi yang dipilih? 9. W topi adalah keuntungan besar dan kerugian terkait dengan bentuk perusahaan kepemilikan bisnis? 10. H ow melakukan S-korporasi dan perusahaan terbatas-kewajiban berbeda? 11. W hy tidak-untuk-profit perusahaan dan koperasi terbentuk? Menjelaskan bagaimana mereka beroperasi. 12. Aku n apa cara yang usaha patungan dan sindikat sama? Dalam apa cara yang mereka berbeda? 13. Topi W adalah pengambilalihan bermusuhan? Bagaimana itu terkait dengan penawaran tender dan melawan proxy? 14. D escribe tiga jenis merger. Tinjau Pertanyaan ........................ kepemilikan tunggal bisnis yang dimiliki (dan biasanya dioperasikan) oleh satu orang unlimited kewajiban konsep hukum yang memegang pemilik bisnis pribadi bertanggung jawab untuk semua utang dari bisnis kemitraan sukarela asosiasi dari dua atau lebih orang untuk bertindak sebagai co-pemilik dari bisnis untuk keuntungan mitra umum orang yang menganggap penuh atau bersama tanggung jawab untuk operasi sebuah bisnis mitra terbatas orang yang berinvestasi uang dalam bisnis tetapi tidak memiliki tanggung jawab manajemen atau kewajiban untuk kerugian luar jumlah ia diinvestasikan dalam kemitraan induk kemitraan terbatas (MLP) kemitraan terbatas yang memiliki unit kepemilikan yang dapat diperdagangkan di pertukaran keamanan seperti saham kepemilikan di perusahaan korporasi orang buatan yang diciptakan oleh hukum dengan sebagian besar hak-hak hukum dari orang yang nyata, termasuk hak untuk memulai dan menjalankan bisnis, untuk membeli atau menjual properti, untuk meminjam uang, untuk menuntut atau digugat, dan untuk masuk ke dalam mengikat kontrak saham saham kepemilikan perusahaan pemegang saham orang yang memiliki saham korporasi ditutup korporasi perusahaan yang sahamnya dimiliki oleh sedikit orang dan tidak dijual kepada masyarakat umum perusahaan terbuka korporasi saham yang dapat dibeli dan dijual oleh setiap individu korporasi domestik perusahaan di negara di mana ia dimasukkan perusahaan asing yang perusahaan dalam keadaan di mana ia melakukan bisnis kecuali satu di mana ia dimasukkan perusahaan asing sebuah perusahaan yang disewa oleh asing pemerintah dan melakukan bisnis di Amerika Serikat saham saham biasa yang dimiliki oleh individu atau perusahaan yang mungkin memilih pada hal-hal perusahaan tapi yang klaim pada keuntungan dan aset yang bawahan klaim lain saham preferen saham yang dimiliki oleh individu atau perusahaan yang biasanya tidak memiliki suara hak tetapi yang klaim atas dividen dibayarkan sebelum orang-orang dari umum saham pemilik dividen distribusi pendapatan kepada pemegang saham dari perusahaan proxy bentuk hukum daftar masalah yang akan diputuskan pada pemegang saham pertemuan dan memungkinkan pemegang saham untuk mengalihkan hak pilihnya untuk beberapa individu atau lainnya individu direksi atas tubuh korporasi mengatur, anggota yang terpilih oleh para pemegang saham pejabat perusahaan ketua dewan, presiden, eksekutif wakil presiden, perusahaan sekretaris, bendahara, dan lainnya eksekutif puncak yang ditunjuk oleh yang direksi perseroan terbatas fitur kepemilikan perusahaan yang membatasi kewajiban keuangan masing-masing pemilik untuk jumlah uang yang ia atau dia telah membayar untuk korporasi saham S-korporasi perusahaan yang dikenakan pajak seolah-olah itu adalah kemitraan perusahaan terbatas-kewajiban (LLC) bentuk usaha kepemilikan yang menggabungkan manfaat dari suatu perusahaan dan kemitraan sambil menghindari beberapa pembatasan dan kerugian dari bentuk-bentuk kepemilikan tidak-untuk-profit korporasi perusahaan diselenggarakan untuk memberikan sosial, pendidikan, agama, atau layanan lain daripada untuk mendapatkan keuntungan koperasi asosiasi dari individu atau perusahaan yang tujuannya adalah untuk melakukan beberapa bisnis fungsi untuk anggotanya patungan perjanjian antara dua atau lebih kelompok untuk membentuk badan usaha dalam rangka untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu atau untuk mengoperasikan untuk jangka waktu tertentu dari waktu sindikat sementara asosiasi individu atau perusahaan terorganisir untuk melakukan spesifik tugas yang membutuhkan sejumlah besar modal merger pembelian satu perusahaan dengan yang lain pengambilalihan bermusuhan situasi di mana manajemen dan dewan direksi dari suatu perusahaan ditargetkan untuk akuisisi menyetujui dari merger lembut menawarkan tawaran untuk membeli saham dari perusahaan yang ditargetkan untuk akuisisi pada harga cukup tinggi untuk menggoda pemegang saham untuk menjual saham mereka proksi melawan teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan orang pemegang saham yang cukup untuk mengendalikan perusahaan yang ditargetkan





























































































































































































































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