Egalitarianism (from French égal, meaning

Egalitarianism (from French égal, m

Egalitarianism (from French égal, meaning "equal")—or, rarely, equalitarianism[1][2] or equalism[3]—is a trend of thought that favors equality for all people.[4] Egalitarian doctrines maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or social status, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.[5] According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the term has two distinct definitions in modern English.[6] It is defined either as a political doctrine that all people should be treated as equals and have the same political, economic, social, and civil rights[7] or as a social philosophy advocating the removal of economic inequalities among people or the decentralization of power. Some sources define egalitarianism as the point of view that equality reflects the natural state of humanity.[8][9][10]
Some specifically focused egalitarian concerns include economic egalitarianism, legal egalitarianism, luck egalitarianism, political egalitarianism, gender egalitarianism, racial equality, asset-based egalitarianism, and Christian egalitarianism. Common forms of egalitarianism include political and philosophical.
Economic
Egalitarianism in economics is a controversial phrase with conflicting potential meanings. It may refer either to equality of opportunity, the view that the government ought not to discriminate against citizens or hinder opportunities for them to prosper, or the quite different notion of equality of outcome, a state of economic affairs in which the government promotes equal prosperity for all citizens.
The free-market economist Milton Friedman supported equality-of-opportunity economic egalitarianism. Economist John Maynard Keynes supported more equal outcomes.
An early example of equality-of-outcome economic egalitarianism is Xu Xing, a scholar of the Chinese philosophy of Agriculturalism, who supported the fixing of prices, in which all similar goods and services, regardless of differences in quality and demand, are set at exactly the same, unchanging price.[11]
Social ownership of means of production is sometimes considered to be a form of economic egalitarianism because in an economy characterized by social ownership, the surplus product generated by industry would accrue to the population as a whole as opposed to private owners, thereby granting each individual increased autonomy and greater equality in their relationships with one another (see: Social dividend and Social ownership). Although the economist Karl Marx is sometimes mistaken to be an egalitarian, Marx eschewed normative theorizing on moral principles. Marx did, however, have a theory of the evolution of moral principles in relation to specific economic systems.[12]
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels rejected egalitarianism in the sense of greater equality between classes, clearly distinguishing it from the socialist notion of the abolition of classes based on the division between owners and workers (which is on their relation to productive property). Marx's view of classlessness was not the subordination of society to a universal interest (such as a universal notion of "equality"), but rather, was about the creation of the conditions that would enable individuals to pursue their true interests and desires. Thus, Marx's notion of communist society is radically individualistic.[13]
The American economist John Roemer has put forth a new perspective of equality and its relationship to socialism. Roemer attempts to reformulate Marxist analysis to accommodate normative principles of distributive justice, shifting the argument for socialism away from purely technical and materialist reasons to one of distributive justice. Roemer argues that, according to the principle of distributive justice, the traditional definition of socialism based on the principle that individual compensation be proportional to the value of the labour one expands in production is inadequate. Roemer concludes that egalitarians must reject socialism as it is classically defined.[14]
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
Egalitarianisme (dari Perancis égal, berarti "sama") — atau, jarang, equalitarianism [1] [2] atau equalism [3] — adalah tren pemikiran yang nikmat kesetaraan untuk semua orang.[4] egaliter doktrin mempertahankan bahwa semua manusia sama dalam dasar nilai atau status sosial, menurut Encyclopedia Stanford filsafat.[5] Menurut Kamus Merriam-Webster, istilah memiliki dua definisi yang berbeda dalam bahasa Inggris modern.[6] ini didefinisikan sebagai sebuah doktrin politik bahwa semua orang harus diperlakukan sama dan memiliki sama politik, ekonomi, sosial dan hak-hak sipil [7] atau filsafat sosial yang menganjurkan penghapusan kesenjangan ekonomi antara orang atau desentralisasi kekuasaan. Beberapa sumber mendefinisikan egalitarianisme sudut pandang bahwa kesetaraan mencerminkan keadaan alami manusia.[8][9][10]Kekhawatiran egaliter Khusus difokuskan meliputi egalitarianisme ekonomi, hukum egalitarianisme, keberuntungan egalitarianisme, egalitarianisme politik, egalitarianisme gender, kesetaraan ras, egalitarianisme berbasis aset dan egalitarianisme Kristen. Bentuk umum egalitarianisme termasuk politik dan filosofis.EkonomiEgalitarianisme ekonomi adalah kontroversial dengan arti potensial yang bertentangan. Katyusha dapat mengacu baik untuk kesetaraan peluang, pandangan bahwa seharusnya pemerintah tidak melakukan diskriminasi terhadap warga negara atau menghambat kesempatan bagi mereka untuk menjadi makmur, atau gagasan berbeda kesetaraan hasil, keadaan ekonomi di mana pemerintah mempromosikan sama kesejahteraan bagi semua warga negara.Pasar bebas ekonom Milton Friedman didukung egalitarianisme ekonomi kesetaraan kesempatan. Ekonom John Maynard Keynes didukung hasil lebih sama.Contoh awal kesetaraan dari hasil ekonomi egalitarianisme adalah Xu Xing, seorang sarjana filsafat Cina Agriculturalism, yang mendukung penetapan harga, di mana semua barang serupa dan jasa, terlepas dari perbedaan dalam kualitas dan permintaan, menetapkan harga yang persis sama, tidak berubah.[11]Sosial kepemilikan sarana produksi ini kadang-kadang dianggap sebagai bentuk egalitarianisme ekonomi karena dalam perekonomian yang ditandai dengan sosial kepemilikan, produk surplus yang dihasilkan oleh industri akan bertambah terhadap penduduk secara keseluruhan dibandingkan dengan pemilik swasta, dengan demikian memberikan setiap individu meningkatkan otonomi dan kesetaraan yang lebih besar dalam hubungan mereka dengan satu sama lain (Lihat: dividen sosial dan sosial kepemilikan). Meskipun ekonom Karl Marx kadang-kadang keliru untuk menjadi yang Egaliter, Marx dihindari berteori normatif pada prinsip-prinsip moral. Marx Namun, lakukan, punya teori evolusi prinsip-prinsip moral dalam hubungannya dengan sistem ekonomi yang spesifik.[12]Karl Marx dan Friedrich Engels menolak egalitarianisme dalam arti kesetaraan yang lebih besar antara kelas, jelas membedakan dari gagasan sosialis penghapusan kelas-kelas berdasarkan pembagian antara pemilik dan pekerja (yang pada hubungan mereka ke properti produktif). Marx pemandangan classlessness bukanlah subordinasi masyarakat kepentingan universal (seperti gagasan universal "kesetaraan"), tetapi sebaliknya, adalah tentang penciptaan kondisi yang akan memungkinkan individu untuk mengejar benar kepentingan dan keinginan mereka. Dengan demikian, gagasan Marx Komunis masyarakat radikal individualistis.[13]Ekonom Amerika Serikat John Roemer telah dikemukakan perspektif baru kesetaraan dan hubungan menuju sosialisme. Roemer upaya untuk merevisi Marxis analisis untuk mengakomodasi normatif prinsip keadilan diuntungkan, pergeseran argumen untuk sosialisme dari alasan murni teknis dan materialis ke salah satu diuntungkan keadilan. Roemer berpendapat bahwa, sesuai dengan prinsip keadilan diuntungkan, definisi tradisional sosialisme berdasarkan prinsip bahwa individu kompensasi akan sebanding dengan nilai kerja satu memperluas produksi tidak memadai. Roemer menyimpulkan bahwa egalitarians harus menolak sosialisme sebagai klasik didefinisikan.[14]
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Egalitarianism (from French égal, meaning "equal")—or, rarely, equalitarianism[1][2] or equalism[3]—is a trend of thought that favors equality for all people.[4] Egalitarian doctrines maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or social status, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.[5] According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the term has two distinct definitions in modern English.[6] It is defined either as a political doctrine that all people should be treated as equals and have the same political, economic, social, and civil rights[7] or as a social philosophy advocating the removal of economic inequalities among people or the decentralization of power. Some sources define egalitarianism as the point of view that equality reflects the natural state of humanity.[8][9][10]
Some specifically focused egalitarian concerns include economic egalitarianism, legal egalitarianism, luck egalitarianism, political egalitarianism, gender egalitarianism, racial equality, asset-based egalitarianism, and Christian egalitarianism. Common forms of egalitarianism include political and philosophical.
Economic
Egalitarianism in economics is a controversial phrase with conflicting potential meanings. It may refer either to equality of opportunity, the view that the government ought not to discriminate against citizens or hinder opportunities for them to prosper, or the quite different notion of equality of outcome, a state of economic affairs in which the government promotes equal prosperity for all citizens.
The free-market economist Milton Friedman supported equality-of-opportunity economic egalitarianism. Economist John Maynard Keynes supported more equal outcomes.
An early example of equality-of-outcome economic egalitarianism is Xu Xing, a scholar of the Chinese philosophy of Agriculturalism, who supported the fixing of prices, in which all similar goods and services, regardless of differences in quality and demand, are set at exactly the same, unchanging price.[11]
Social ownership of means of production is sometimes considered to be a form of economic egalitarianism because in an economy characterized by social ownership, the surplus product generated by industry would accrue to the population as a whole as opposed to private owners, thereby granting each individual increased autonomy and greater equality in their relationships with one another (see: Social dividend and Social ownership). Although the economist Karl Marx is sometimes mistaken to be an egalitarian, Marx eschewed normative theorizing on moral principles. Marx did, however, have a theory of the evolution of moral principles in relation to specific economic systems.[12]
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels rejected egalitarianism in the sense of greater equality between classes, clearly distinguishing it from the socialist notion of the abolition of classes based on the division between owners and workers (which is on their relation to productive property). Marx's view of classlessness was not the subordination of society to a universal interest (such as a universal notion of "equality"), but rather, was about the creation of the conditions that would enable individuals to pursue their true interests and desires. Thus, Marx's notion of communist society is radically individualistic.[13]
The American economist John Roemer has put forth a new perspective of equality and its relationship to socialism. Roemer attempts to reformulate Marxist analysis to accommodate normative principles of distributive justice, shifting the argument for socialism away from purely technical and materialist reasons to one of distributive justice. Roemer argues that, according to the principle of distributive justice, the traditional definition of socialism based on the principle that individual compensation be proportional to the value of the labour one expands in production is inadequate. Roemer concludes that egalitarians must reject socialism as it is classically defined.[14]
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
Bahasa lainnya
Dukungan alat penerjemahan: Afrikans, Albania, Amhara, Arab, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahasa Indonesia, Basque, Belanda, Belarussia, Bengali, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Burma, Cebuano, Ceko, Chichewa, China, Cina Tradisional, Denmark, Deteksi bahasa, Esperanto, Estonia, Farsi, Finlandia, Frisia, Gaelig, Gaelik Skotlandia, Galisia, Georgia, Gujarati, Hausa, Hawaii, Hindi, Hmong, Ibrani, Igbo, Inggris, Islan, Italia, Jawa, Jepang, Jerman, Kannada, Katala, Kazak, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kirghiz, Klingon, Korea, Korsika, Kreol Haiti, Kroat, Kurdi, Laos, Latin, Latvia, Lituania, Luksemburg, Magyar, Makedonia, Malagasi, Malayalam, Malta, Maori, Marathi, Melayu, Mongol, Nepal, Norsk, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Polandia, Portugis, Prancis, Punjabi, Rumania, Rusia, Samoa, Serb, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somali, Spanyol, Sunda, Swahili, Swensk, Tagalog, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turki, Turkmen, Ukraina, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnam, Wales, Xhosa, Yiddi, Yoruba, Yunani, Zulu, Bahasa terjemahan.

Copyright ©2024 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: